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The vertical space-time association.

Alessia Beracci1, Marissa Lynn Rescott1, Vincenzo Natale2

  • 1Department of Psychology, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Caserta, Italy.

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|October 19, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study reveals a vertical mental timeline, mapping shorter durations to the bottom and longer durations to the top. This challenges the typical left-to-right time representation, suggesting "more is up."

Keywords:
STEARC effectembodied cognitiontemporal duration taskvertical dimension“more is up” metaphor

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Neuroscience
  • Psychophysics

Background:

  • The dominant model of time perception suggests a left-to-right mental timeline.
  • Evidence for vertical time representation is limited and inconsistent.
  • Investigating alternative spatial mappings for time perception is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the existence and directionality of a vertical mental timeline.
  • To explore the interaction between spatial location and time duration perception.
  • To test the hypothesis of a bottom-to-top mapping for time representation.

Main Methods:

  • Two experiments involving 64 participants judging stimulus durations (200-600 ms) presented at different vertical positions (top, center, bottom).
  • Comparison of target stimulus duration against a fixed or variable reference stimulus duration (400 ms).
  • Analysis of response accuracy and reaction times in relation to stimulus duration and spatial location.

Main Results:

  • A significant space-time interaction was observed, correlating short durations with bottom responses and long durations with top responses.
  • The distance effect was confirmed, showing reduced performance for durations closer to the reference stimulus.
  • Findings support a vertical mental timeline, with shorter durations mapped lower and longer durations mapped higher.

Conclusions:

  • The study provides strong evidence for a vertical mental timeline, challenging the conventional left-to-right model.
  • Results align with the spatial metaphor 'more is up,' suggesting a bottom-to-top representation of time.
  • This vertical mapping offers new insights into the cognitive representation of time and its interaction with spatial processing.