Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Diabetes Mellitus: Overview and Type I Subtype01:22

Diabetes Mellitus: Overview and Type I Subtype

3.7K
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by high blood glucose levels due to inadequate insulin production, insulin resistance, or both. The condition affects millions worldwide and can significantly impact their health and quality of life.
Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease in which the immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys the insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas. As a result, the body is unable to produce sufficient insulin, and individuals with...
3.7K
Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational01:22

Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational

3.3K
Type 2 diabetes, characterized by insulin resistance, arises when the insulin receptors on cells lose responsiveness to insulin, diminishing the cell's capacity to take up glucose, resulting in elevated blood glucose levels. To receive a diagnosis of Type 2 diabetes, a series of blood glucose tests are necessary to assess whether the blood glucose falls within normal parameters. If the result is out of the normal range, a patient may be diagnosed as prediabetic or diabetic, depending on the...
3.3K
Pathophysiology of Diabetes01:20

Pathophysiology of Diabetes

2.1K
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia. The four categories of diabetes are type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, other specific types of diabetes, and gestational diabetes.
Type 1 diabetes is characterized by autoimmune-mediated destruction of pancreatic β cells, with environmental factors potentially triggering this process in genetically susceptible individuals. Despite many not having a family history, certain genes increase susceptibility,...
2.1K
Diabetes: Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Complications01:15

Diabetes: Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Complications

1.3K
For most patients, experiencing several weeks of polyuria, polydipsia, fatigue, and significant weight loss may indicate the presence of diabetes. Furthermore, adults displaying the phenotypic appearance of type 2 diabetes (particularly those who are obese and not initially insulin-requiring), may have islet cell autoantibodies, suggesting autoimmune-mediated β cell destruction and a diagnosis of latent autoimmune diabetes of adults (LADA). The categorization of glucose homeostasis is...
1.3K
Carbohydrate Metabolism01:36

Carbohydrate Metabolism

12.6K
Carbohydrates are polymers composed of molecules containing atoms of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. One gram of carbohydrate can provide four kilo-calories of energy, which makes it the most efficient instant energy source.
Starch accounts for approximately 60% of the carbohydrates consumed by humans. Since amylase enzymes cannot function in the stomach's acidic environment, starch can only be digested in the mouth and small intestine. Simple sugars are found naturally in milk and fruits in...
12.6K
Psychoneuroimmunology: Diabetes and Cancer01:19

Psychoneuroimmunology: Diabetes and Cancer

86
Chronic stress has been linked to both the onset and progression of serious health conditions, including Type 2 diabetes and cancer. Type 2 diabetes, a widespread chronic illness, is closely associated with obesity and insulin resistance, both of which often worsen under stress. Studies indicate that men experiencing high levels of chronic stress face a 45% higher risk of developing diabetes compared to those with minimal stress. Stress triggers physiological responses that elevate blood...
86

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Non-Invasive Transdermal Delivery of miR-30a-5p via MUC1-Aptamer-Guided Tetrahedral DNA Nanostructures for Gene Silencing in Cutaneous Melanoma.

Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)·2026
Same author

A Multifunctional Nucleic Acid Nanomedicine Coregulates Angiogenesis and Fibrosis to Treat Oral Submucous Fibrosis.

Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)·2026
Same author

Study on the anti-inflammatory effect of tetrahedral framework nucleic acid-loaded sinomenine in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.

Nanoscale horizons·2026
Same author

Tetrahedral Framework Nucleic Acids Re-establish Immune Tolerance and Restore Thyroid Function in Hashimoto's Thyroiditis via NOTCH1 Signaling Pathway Inhibition.

ACS applied materials & interfaces·2026
Same author

Intracellular logic computing with DNA tetrahedron processors enables precision cancer theranostics.

Signal transduction and targeted therapy·2026
Same author

Mineralized DNA tetrahedron-structured hydrogels: a dual-functional Scaffold for immunomodulation and bone regeneration.

Bone research·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 16, 2025

Accelerated Type 1 Diabetes Induction in Mice by Adoptive Transfer of Diabetogenic CD4+ T Cells
06:27

Accelerated Type 1 Diabetes Induction in Mice by Adoptive Transfer of Diabetogenic CD4+ T Cells

Published on: May 6, 2013

16.9K

Tetrahedral Framework Nucleic Acids Reverse New-Onset Type 1 Diabetes.

Shaojingya Gao1, Mi Zhou1, Yanjing Li1

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
|October 19, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Tetrahedral framework nucleic acids (tFNAs) reversed hyperglycemia and protected beta-cells in type 1 diabetes (T1D) mouse models. This immunotherapy approach restored immune tolerance by inducing regulatory T-cells (Tregs) and Bregs.

Keywords:
immunotherapyperipheral immune toleranceregulatory immune cellstetrahedral framework nucleic acidstype 1 diabetes

More Related Videos

Electrochemiluminescence Assays for Human Islet Autoantibodies
09:15

Electrochemiluminescence Assays for Human Islet Autoantibodies

Published on: March 23, 2018

15.6K
A High-Throughput Multiplexed Screening for Type 1 Diabetes, Celiac Diseases, and COVID-19
06:46

A High-Throughput Multiplexed Screening for Type 1 Diabetes, Celiac Diseases, and COVID-19

Published on: July 5, 2022

2.9K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Oct 16, 2025

Accelerated Type 1 Diabetes Induction in Mice by Adoptive Transfer of Diabetogenic CD4+ T Cells
06:27

Accelerated Type 1 Diabetes Induction in Mice by Adoptive Transfer of Diabetogenic CD4+ T Cells

Published on: May 6, 2013

16.9K
Electrochemiluminescence Assays for Human Islet Autoantibodies
09:15

Electrochemiluminescence Assays for Human Islet Autoantibodies

Published on: March 23, 2018

15.6K
A High-Throughput Multiplexed Screening for Type 1 Diabetes, Celiac Diseases, and COVID-19
06:46

A High-Throughput Multiplexed Screening for Type 1 Diabetes, Celiac Diseases, and COVID-19

Published on: July 5, 2022

2.9K

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Biochemistry
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Type 1 diabetes (T1D) results from immune system attacks on insulin-producing beta-cells, leading to hyperglycemia.
  • Current treatments like insulin injections manage symptoms but do not cure T1D or restore immune tolerance.
  • Regulatory immune cells, including regulatory T-cells (Tregs) and regulatory B-cells (Bregs), are crucial for maintaining immune tolerance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the potential of tetrahedral framework nucleic acids (tFNAs) as a novel immunotherapy for T1D.
  • To evaluate the efficacy of tFNAs in reversing hyperglycemia and preserving beta-cell function in a mouse model of T1D.
  • To elucidate the underlying mechanisms of tFNA-mediated immunoregulation in T1D.

Main Methods:

  • Treatment of non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice with 250 nM tFNA.
  • Assessment of hyperglycemia reversal and beta-cell protection.
  • Analysis of regulatory immune cell populations (Tregs, Bregs) and helper T (Th)-cells in the pancreas.
  • Investigation of cytokine profiles and signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) signaling pathways.

Main Results:

  • tFNA treatment effectively reversed hyperglycemia and protected insulin-secreting beta-cells in diabetic NOD mice.
  • tFNA administration significantly increased the populations of Tregs and Bregs while suppressing Th-cells in the pancreas.
  • The mechanism involved increased TGF-β levels and modulation of STAT signaling, suggesting enhanced immune tolerance.

Conclusions:

  • tFNAs demonstrate significant potential in treating T1D by restoring peripheral immune tolerance.
  • tFNA-mediated immunoregulation is associated with STAT signaling and cytokine alterations in the pancreas.
  • These findings establish a foundation for utilizing tFNAs in antigen-specific immunotherapies for T1D.