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Individualist and collectivist cultures emphasize different core values, shaping personality in distinct ways. In individualist cultures, such as those in the United States, England, and Australia, people prioritize independence, competition, and personal achievement. These societies tend to promote self-focused traits, with individuals often reporting higher levels of self-esteem. In contrast, collectivist cultures, commonly found in regions like Asia, Africa, and South America, emphasize...
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Self-esteem, a core psychological construct, is intricately shaped by cultural context and varies significantly between collectivist and individualistic societies. In collectivist cultures such as Japan, self-esteem tends to be flexible, context-sensitive, and influenced by relationships. A Japanese student, for instance, may show restraint in formal settings like school but behave more openly among close friends, reflecting the flexible and dynamic nature of self-concept in such...
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Personal Values Across Cultures.

Lilach Sagiv1, Shalom H Schwartz2

  • 1Jerusalem Business School, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91905, Israel.

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|October 19, 2021
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Personal values, systematically studied since the 1990s, shape behavior across diverse life domains. Understanding value structures and their origins is key to explaining individual differences in actions and well-being.

Keywords:
Schwartz value theorypersonal valuesvalue implicationsvalue measurementvalues and behaviorvalues and personality

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Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Social Psychology
  • Behavioral Science

Background:

  • Values are central to discussions in politics, religion, education, and family life.
  • Systematic psychological study of values gained prominence in the 1990s.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review contemporary value theories, focusing on basic personal values.
  • To examine the cross-cultural content and structure of values, including conflicts and compatibilities.
  • To explore the origins, stability, and change of value priorities.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on value theories and measurement instruments.
  • Analysis of evidence regarding the structure and content of values across cultures.
  • Examination of research linking personal values to personality, well-being, and various behaviors.

Main Results:

  • Evidence supports a universal structure of basic personal values with cross-cultural variations.
  • Personal values are linked to personality traits and subjective well-being.
  • Value differences predict religiosity, prejudice, pro- and antisocial behavior, political and environmental actions, and creativity.

Conclusions:

  • Personal values are fundamental psychological constructs with significant implications for human behavior.
  • Understanding value systems provides insights into individual differences and societal phenomena.
  • Further research can elucidate the mechanisms through which values influence behavior.