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Related Concept Videos

Atherosclerosis I: Introduction01:30

Atherosclerosis I: Introduction

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Atherosclerosis is a progressive disorder characterized by the buildup of plaques on the arterial inner wall, causing them to narrow and harden over time. These plaques comprise lipids, calcium, blood components, carbohydrates, and fibrous tissue. The process primarily affects the intima of large and medium-sized arteries, reducing blood flow in any artery.Etiology and risk factorsThe cause of atherosclerosis is multifactorial, involving a complex interplay among endothelial injury, lipid...
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Atherosclerosis III: Management01:26

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Management of atherosclerosis involves an integrated strategy encompassing pharmacological treatment, surgical interventions, lifestyle changes, and nutrition therapy to address the multifactorial nature of the disease.Pharmacological TherapyA cornerstone of atherosclerosis management is the use of pharmacological agents. Statins, such as atorvastatin, are pivotal in inhibiting HMG-CoA reductase, an enzyme that catalyzes an initial step in cholesterol synthesis in the liver. This reduction in...
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Coronary Artery Disease II: Pathophysiology01:26

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Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) originates from a series of events that impair the function of coronary arteries, the blood vessels responsible for delivering oxygen-rich blood to the heart muscle. The pathophysiology of CAD is closely linked to atherosclerosis, a chronic inflammatory and lipid-driven condition affecting the vascular endothelium.1. Endothelial DamageThe process begins with damage to the vascular endothelium, which serves as a protective barrier between the blood and the vessel...
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Coronary Artery Disease I: Introduction01:30

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Coronary Artery Disease (CAD): An Overview with Scientific InsightsCoronary Artery Disease (CAD), often referred to as C-A-D, is a prevalent blood vessel disorder classified under the broader category of atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis is a pathological process characterized by the hardening and narrowing of arteries due to the accumulation of atherosclerotic plaques. These plaques are composed of cholesterol, fatty substances, inflammatory cells, calcium, and fibrin, reducing blood flow to...
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Atherosclerosis II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Tests01:27

Atherosclerosis II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Tests

86
Atherosclerosis is a progressive disorder that leads to the thickening and narrowing of arterial walls due to plaque buildup. This condition can cause various symptoms depending on the arteries affected:Coronary Artery Disease (CAD): This condition affects the coronary arteries and may lead to chest pain (angina), shortness of breath (dyspnea), heart attacks, and other heart disease symptoms.Cerebrovascular Disease: This affects blood flow to the brain, causing transient ischemic attacks (TIAs)...
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Hypertension II: Pathophysiology01:29

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Hypertension is a chronic condition in which the blood's force against artery walls is excessively high, posing risks such as heart disease. The condition's underlying mechanisms involve complex interactions among the cardiovascular, kidney, and autonomic nervous systems.Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System (RAAS): This system significantly influences blood pressure regulation. When blood pressure decreases, the kidneys secrete renin. This enzyme transforms angiotensinogen, a plasma protein,...
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Sestrin2 in atherosclerosis.

Zhen Tian1, Bin-Jie Yan1, Wen Luo1

  • 1Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Lab for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, International Joint Laboratory for Arteriosclerotic Disease Research of Hunan Province, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China.

Clinica Chimica Acta; International Journal of Clinical Chemistry
|October 19, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Sestrin2 protein protects against atherosclerosis (AS), a major cause of heart disease and stroke. This review highlights Sestrin2

Keywords:
AtherosclerosisAtherosclerotic diseasePathogenesisSestrin2

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
  • Cardiovascular Research
  • Pathophysiology

Background:

  • Atherosclerosis (AS) is a primary pathological process underlying major lethal cardiovascular diseases, including myocardial infarction, heart failure, and stroke.
  • Millions of deaths worldwide are attributed annually to arterial diseases, underscoring the urgent need for effective therapeutic strategies.
  • Sestrin2, a stress-inducible protein, plays a crucial role in cellular protection by activating AMPK, inhibiting mTOR, and maintaining redox balance under stress.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the multifaceted involvement of Sestrin2 in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis.
  • To explore the role of Sestrin2 in cellular mechanisms, oxidative stress, inflammation, and lipid metabolism relevant to AS.
  • To evaluate Sestrin2 as a potential therapeutic target for AS prevention and treatment.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review synthesizing current evidence on Sestrin2's function in stress response and cellular pathways.
  • Analysis of studies investigating the correlation between Sestrin2 expression/activity and the development of atherosclerosis.
  • Examination of Sestrin2's impact on key pathological hallmarks of AS, including oxidative stress, inflammation, and lipid dysregulation.

Main Results:

  • Sestrin2 exhibits protective effects against cellular injury induced by various stress conditions.
  • Evidence strongly links Sestrin2 to the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis through modulation of cellular mechanisms, oxidative stress, inflammation, and lipid metabolism.
  • Sestrin2 activation of AMPK and inhibition of mTOR pathways are key mechanisms contributing to its atheroprotective effects.

Conclusions:

  • Sestrin2 plays a significant role in protecting against the development and progression of atherosclerosis.
  • The multifaceted functions of Sestrin2 in cellular defense and metabolic regulation make it a promising therapeutic target.
  • Targeting Sestrin2 offers a novel strategy for the prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis and related cardiovascular diseases.