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Updated: Oct 16, 2025

Adapting Gastrointestinal Organoids for Pathogen Infection and Single Cell Sequencing under Biosafety Level 3 BSL-3 Conditions

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Published on: September 10, 2021

Radiation Inactivation of Coronavirus Infection Pathogen by the Example of Transmissible Gastroenteritis Virus.

V N Morozov¹, A N Mukhin², M A Kolyvanova^1,3

¹Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119334 Moscow, Russia.

|October 20, 2021

Summary

Electron beams and bremsstrahlung effectively inactivate coronaviruses. Frozen virus samples required higher radiation doses (15 kGy) for inactivation compared to liquid or lyophilized forms (10 kGy).

Keywords:

Keywords: coronavirus ionizing radiation radiation processing radiation sterilization transmissible gastroenteritis virus virus inactivation

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Area of Science:

Virology
Radiation Biology
Infectious Diseases

Background:

Coronaviridae family viruses (MERS, SARS, COVID-19) have caused significant global health concerns.
Radiation technologies offer potential for virus inactivation in medical applications, including PPE and vaccine sterilization.
Limited research exists on the efficacy of radiation for inactivating coronaviruses.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the in vitro inactivation of a coronavirus (transmissible gastroenteritis virus) using electron beams and bremsstrahlung.
To compare the effectiveness of different radiation types and conditions on virus infectivity.
To determine the radiation doses required for complete viral inactivation across various sample states.

Main Methods:

In vitro study exposing transmissible gastroenteritis virus to 10 MeV electron beams and 7.6 MeV bremsstrahlung.
Virus samples were tested in liquid suspension, lyophilized form, and frozen (-86°C) states.
Infectious activity was assessed via passaging in cell culture post-irradiation.

Main Results:

Photon irradiation (bremsstrahlung) demonstrated higher efficacy in virus inactivation compared to electron beams under the experimental conditions.
Frozen virus samples exhibited greater resistance to radiation, requiring a dose of approximately 15 kGy for complete inactivation.
Liquid and lyophilized virus samples required a sterilizing dose of approximately 10 kGy.
Residual infectious activity was detected at lower radiation doses across all sample types.

Conclusions:

Both electron beams and bremsstrahlung can effectively inactivate coronaviruses in vitro.
The state of the virus sample (frozen, liquid, lyophilized) significantly influences radiation inactivation efficacy.
The observed differences suggest a substantial contribution of the direct radiation effect on viral inactivation.