Related Experiment Video
Updated: Aug 6, 2026

Eye Tracking Young Children with Autism
Published on: March 27, 2012
Brief Report: Emotional and Behavioral Problems Among Young Children with ASD: An Exploratory Study of ADOS E-Codes
Megan Ledoux Galligan1,2, Michelle Heyman3, Yasamin Bolourian3
1Graduate School of Education, University of California, Riverside, 1207 Sproul Hall, Riverside, CA, 95251, USA. megan.ledoux@email.ucr.edu.
Abstract:
Emotional and behavioral problems (EBPs), such as anxiety, overactivity, and aggression, can influence the diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The gold standard diagnostic tool for ASD, the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule-Second Edition, includes three items ("E-codes") for EBPs that are frequently associated with ASD. Few empirical investigations have explored the use of E-codes. This study examined the relationship between E-codes and child characteristics (e.g., cognitive abilities, ASD symptom severity) in a sample of young children with ASD (N = 233). Findings indicated that E-codes positively correlated with ASD symptom severity and negatively associated with IQ. Symptom severity also significantly accounted for the variance in EBPs. Implications for ASD assessment as well as future research are discussed.
More Related Videos
Related Concept Videos
Adler's Individual Psychology
Antisocial Personality Disorder
Behavioral Characteristics and...
Autism Spectrum Disorder
These core symptoms manifest differently among individuals, ranging from mild to severe. The disorder's complexity extends beyond its clinical presentation, encompassing a diverse range of biological, cognitive, and sociocultural influences.
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
Diagnostic Criteria and Symptoms
To diagnose ADHD, symptoms must manifest before age 12 and be evident across multiple settings.
Oppositional Defiant Disorder
Diagnostic Criteria and...
Conduct Disorder

