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Overview of Exosomes

Overview of Exosomes

Exosomes are stable, lipid bilayer-enclosed vesicles capable of crossing biological barriers. They can carry a wide range of molecules required for intercellular communication. Once exosomes are released from the cell where they originated, they enter a recipient cell through various pathways such as fusion, receptor-mediated endocytosis, macropinocytosis, and phagocytosis.
Stahl et al. discovered exosomes in 1983, but the exosomes were initially considered waste products released from the...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 16, 2025

Purification and Transplantation of Myogenic Progenitor Cell Derived Exosomes to Improve Cardiac Function in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophic Mice

Purification and Transplantation of Myogenic Progenitor Cell Derived Exosomes to Improve Cardiac Function in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophic Mice

Published on: April 10, 2019

Exosomes: Potential Player in Endothelial Dysfunction in Cardiovascular Disease.

Farahnaz Nikdoust¹, Mahboubeh Pazoki², Mohammadjavad Mohammadtaghizadeh³

¹Department of Cardiology, Shariati Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

Cardiovascular Toxicology

|October 20, 2021

Summary

Exosomes, tiny vesicles carrying proteins and nucleic acids, contribute to endothelial dysfunction by inducing inflammation and apoptosis. Understanding exosome signaling pathways may help reduce cardiovascular disease risk through targeted therapies.

Keywords:

Cardiovascular disease Endothelial dysfunction Exosome Mechanism

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Last Updated: Oct 16, 2025

Purification and Transplantation of Myogenic Progenitor Cell Derived Exosomes to Improve Cardiac Function in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophic Mice

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Isolation, Characterization, and Therapeutic Application of Extracellular Vesicles from Cultured Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells

Isolation, Characterization, and Therapeutic Application of Extracellular Vesicles from Cultured Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells

Published on: September 23, 2022

Area of Science:

Cell Biology
Molecular Biology
Cardiovascular Research

Background:

Exosomes are nanoscale vesicles involved in intercellular communication.
Their cargo includes proteins, nucleic acids (lncRNA, miRNA), and lipids.
Exosomes play roles in inflammation, oxidative stress, and apoptosis.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the role of exosome signaling in endothelial dysfunction.
To explore the link between exosome-induced processes and cardiovascular disease (CVD).
To identify potential therapeutic targets for CVDs based on exosome pathways.

Main Methods:

Analysis of exosome composition and function.
Investigating exosome-mediated induction of inflammation, oxidative stress, and apoptosis in endothelial cells.
Correlating these cellular changes with endothelial dysfunction and CVD development.

Main Results:

Exosomes were confirmed to induce inflammation, oxidative stress, and apoptosis in endothelial cells.
These processes lead to disrupted intercellular connections, increased permeability, and reduced cell function.
Endothelial dysfunction mediated by exosomes is a significant factor in the development of CVDs.

Conclusions:

Exosome signaling pathways are critical in driving endothelial dysfunction.
Targeting these specific exosome pathways offers a promising strategy for reducing CVDs.
Exosomes represent a potential avenue for novel therapeutic interventions in cardiovascular medicine.