Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Gonadal and Placental Hormones01:24

Gonadal and Placental Hormones

2.0K
The gonads, namely the testes in males and the ovaries in females, are pivotal in producing gonadal hormones that orchestrate the intricate processes of sexual development and reproduction.
In males, testosterone is the primary gonadal androgen. It plays a central role in the maturation of male reproductive organs — the penis and testes. Additionally, testosterone is instrumental in the development of secondary sexual characteristics — a deep voice as well as facial and pubic hair...
2.0K
Hormonal Regulation of the Menstrual Cycle01:22

Hormonal Regulation of the Menstrual Cycle

821
The ovarian cycle regulates endometrial changes throughout a single menstrual cycle via the coordinated action of gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and gonadotrophins.
At puberty, GnRH begins a pulsatile release pattern, which triggers the anterior pituitary gland to secrete follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH). The frequency and amplitude of GnRH pulses vary across the menstrual cycle, with faster pulses favoring LH release and slower pulses favoring FSH...
821
Hormonal Control of the Ovarian Cycle01:30

Hormonal Control of the Ovarian Cycle

4.8K
The ovarian cycle is meticulously regulated by the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. This cycle orchestrates the release of a mature oocyte, essential for reproduction.
Before puberty, the hypothalamus releases GnRH in a low frequency, low amplitude pulsatile manner. This along with the immature hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis activity, results in low estrogen levels and the absence of a fully functional ovarian cycle.  At puberty, GnRH secretion increases in both frequency and...
4.8K
Drugs for Peptic Ulcer Disease: Prostaglandin Analogs as Mucosal Protective Agents01:20

Drugs for Peptic Ulcer Disease: Prostaglandin Analogs as Mucosal Protective Agents

696
The gastric mucosa produces prostaglandins E2 (PGE2) and prostacyclin (PGI2), crucial in maintaining gastric health. They exert cytoprotective effects, including increasing bicarbonate secretion, releasing protective mucin, reducing gastric acid output, and preventing harmful vasoconstriction. These effects are mediated through various receptors, such as EP1, EP2, EP3, and EP4.
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) can induce peptic ulcers by inhibiting cyclooxygenase, decreasing...
696
Ovarian Cycle01:27

Ovarian Cycle

2.2K
The menstrual cycle includes a critical component known as the ovarian cycle, which undergoes two main phases each month—the follicular phase and the luteal phase. The follicular phase is variable and averaging around 14 days. Ovulation, triggered by a surge in luteinizing hormone (LH), marks the transition between the two phases. The second phase, the luteal phase, is relatively consistent, lasting approximately 14 days, and is marked by the activity of the corpus luteum. While a cycle...
2.2K
Proliferative Phase01:20

Proliferative Phase

893
The proliferative phase typically occurs after menstruation and lasts between 6 to 13 days in a standard 28-day cycle. This phase involves the reconstruction of the endometrium, guided by estrogen produced by the developing ovarian follicle.
Notably, the stratum basale, the basal layer of the endometrium, including the basal parts of the uterine glands, remains unaffected by menstruation. Stem cells in this layer undergo mitosis, regenerating the stratum functionalis and thickening the...
893

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Contraceptive use in France by migration background and the role of social deprivation as a mediator: A national cross-sectional study.

Contraception·2026
Same author

[Menstrual health in transgender and non-binary adolescents].

Revue medicale suisse·2026
Same author

Translation, Adaptation, and Validation of the French Version of the Low Literacy Decisional Conflict Scale in Adolescents.

MDM policy & practice·2026
Same author

Endocrine care of transgender and gender-diverse adults: Swiss recommendations.

Swiss medical weekly·2026
Same author

Fertility preservation in patients with Turner syndrome: a SWOT analysis.

Reproductive biomedicine online·2026
Same author

Safety and efficacy of a suction cervical stabilizer for IUD insertion: Results from a multicenter post-marketing study.

International journal of gynaecology and obstetrics: the official organ of the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 16, 2025

An In Vivo Estrogen Deficiency Mouse Model for Screening Exogenous Estrogen Treatments of Cardiovascular Dysfunction After Menopause
06:18

An In Vivo Estrogen Deficiency Mouse Model for Screening Exogenous Estrogen Treatments of Cardiovascular Dysfunction After Menopause

Published on: August 13, 2019

12.4K

[News on progestatives in gynaecology].

Joana Pereira Da Cruz1, Alexia Willame1, Federico Del Vento1

  • 1Unité de médecine de la reproduction et endocrinologie gynécologique, Service de gynécologie, Département femme, enfant et adolescent, HUG, 1211 Genève 14.

Revue Medicale Suisse
|October 20, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Progesterone (P4) and its synthetic progestins (PS) impact female reproduction. New progestin-only pills offer improved safety, while research explores P4

More Related Videos

Generation of Multicellular Human Primary Endometrial Organoids
09:20

Generation of Multicellular Human Primary Endometrial Organoids

Published on: October 4, 2019

11.3K
Methods for Studying Uterine Contributions to Pregnancy Establishment in an Ovariectomized Mouse Model
06:49

Methods for Studying Uterine Contributions to Pregnancy Establishment in an Ovariectomized Mouse Model

Published on: April 7, 2023

1.9K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Oct 16, 2025

An In Vivo Estrogen Deficiency Mouse Model for Screening Exogenous Estrogen Treatments of Cardiovascular Dysfunction After Menopause
06:18

An In Vivo Estrogen Deficiency Mouse Model for Screening Exogenous Estrogen Treatments of Cardiovascular Dysfunction After Menopause

Published on: August 13, 2019

12.4K
Generation of Multicellular Human Primary Endometrial Organoids
09:20

Generation of Multicellular Human Primary Endometrial Organoids

Published on: October 4, 2019

11.3K
Methods for Studying Uterine Contributions to Pregnancy Establishment in an Ovariectomized Mouse Model
06:49

Methods for Studying Uterine Contributions to Pregnancy Establishment in an Ovariectomized Mouse Model

Published on: April 7, 2023

1.9K

Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Neuroscience
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Progesterone (P4) is a crucial steroid hormone for female reproductive function, produced by the corpus luteum, placenta, and adrenal glands.
  • Progestins (PS) are synthetic P4 analogues designed for specific steroid receptor interactions.
  • Recent advancements include a novel progestin-only pill (POP) with an antimineralocorticoid effect, demonstrating superior safety and tolerability compared to existing options.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the role of progesterone and progestins in reproductive health and beyond.
  • To highlight the safety and efficacy profile of a new antimineralocorticoid progestin-only pill.
  • To explore emerging therapeutic applications of progesterone in neuroprotection, cognition, and bone health.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of clinical and fundamental research on progesterone and progestins.
  • Analysis of safety and tolerability data for new and existing progestin formulations.
  • Examination of preclinical and clinical evidence for progesterone's effects on the nervous system and bone metabolism.

Main Results:

  • A new progestin-only pill with an antimineralocorticoid effect exhibits an improved safety and tolerance profile.
  • High-dose antiandrogenic progestins are associated with an increased risk of meningioma.
  • Emerging data suggest potential therapeutic benefits of progesterone in cognitive function, neuroprotection, and bone health.

Conclusions:

  • Progesterone and progestins have diverse physiological roles and therapeutic potential.
  • The development of progestin-only pills with improved safety profiles is advancing reproductive healthcare.
  • Further research into progesterone's neuroprotective and cognitive effects, as well as its role in bone health, is warranted.