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The pathophysiology of Acute Coronary Syndrome [ACD] involves several key processes:The main underlying cause of ACD is atherosclerosis, a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by the buildup of lipid-laden plaques within the coronary arteries.As the atherosclerotic plaque grows in the coronary artery, it may become unstable due to the formation of a lipid-rich core and a thin fibrous cap. Inflammatory cells within the plaque, such as macrophages, secrete enzymes that degrade the...
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Coronary Artery Disease (CAD): An Overview with Scientific InsightsCoronary Artery Disease (CAD), often referred to as C-A-D, is a prevalent blood vessel disorder classified under the broader category of atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis is a pathological process characterized by the hardening and narrowing of arteries due to the accumulation of atherosclerotic plaques. These plaques are composed of cholesterol, fatty substances, inflammatory cells, calcium, and fibrin, reducing blood flow to...
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Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) encompasses a spectrum of heart conditions caused by sudden obstruction of coronary arteries, typically resulting from the rupture of an atherosclerotic plaque and subsequent thrombus (blood clot) formation. This obstruction can lead to partial or complete blockage of blood flow, causing varying degrees of myocardial ischemia or infarction.ACS includes the following clinical entities:Unstable Angina (UA)Non-ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction (NSTEMI)ST-Elevation...
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Updated: Oct 16, 2025

Author Spotlight: Advancements in Multiplex Detection of Respiratory Viruses
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Coronavirus disease 2019 and stroke.

Thabele M Leslie-Mazwi1, Kittipong Srivatanakul2

  • 1Department of Neurology, 7284University of Washington, USA.

Interventional Neuroradiology : Journal of Peritherapeutic Neuroradiology, Surgical Procedures and Related Neurosciences
|October 21, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) affects neurological and vascular systems, impacting acute stroke care. Understanding direct and indirect effects is crucial for optimizing stroke treatment during the pandemic.

Keywords:
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2coronavirus disease 2019stroke

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Vascular Medicine
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a multisystem illness with significant neurological and vascular implications.
  • The pandemic has highlighted the complex interaction between viral infections and cerebrovascular events, particularly acute stroke.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To detail the multifaceted impact of COVID-19 on acute stroke.
  • To differentiate between direct and indirect effects of COVID-19 on stroke pathophysiology and care.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on COVID-19's effects on the cerebrovascular system.
  • Analysis of direct viral effects (tissue invasion, inflammation) and indirect effects (healthcare system disruption) on stroke.

Main Results:

  • Direct effects include coagulopathies, endotheliitis, systemic inflammation, and plaque instability, potentially leading to long-term cardiovascular issues.
  • Indirect effects significantly disrupt all facets of acute stroke care delivery.
  • Both direct and indirect impacts necessitate a focused approach within stroke systems of care.

Conclusions:

  • COVID-19 presents a dual threat to acute stroke patients through direct physiological damage and indirect disruption of care.
  • Stroke systems must adapt to mitigate these impacts for improved patient outcomes.