Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Acute Pancreatitis II: Clinical Manifestations and Management

Acute Pancreatitis II: Clinical Manifestations and Management

Acute pancreatitis presents a complex medical emergency characterized by rapid onset inflammation of the pancreas, demanding timely diagnosis and management to prevent complications. The condition primarily manifests through severe upper abdominal pain that often radiates to the back. This pain intensifies following the consumption of fatty foods. Accompanying symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, abdominal distention, fever, dyspnea, cyanosis, and jaundice can vary in intensity but significantly...

Chronic Pancreatitis II: Collaborative Care

Chronic Pancreatitis II: Collaborative Care

The management of chronic pancreatitis is multifaceted, involving a comprehensive approach that includes thorough assessment, diagnostic testing, and a variety of management strategies.
Assessment:

Chronic Pancreatitis I: Introduction

Chronic Pancreatitis I: Introduction

The pancreas, an elongated and flat gland situated behind the stomach, serves a vital function in digesting food and managing blood sugar levels.
Pancreatitis is the inflammation of the pancreas, which occurs when the immune system becomes active and causes swelling, pain, and disruptions in organ function. Pancreatitis can manifest as either an acute or chronic condition.
Acute pancreatitis arises suddenly and lasts for a brief duration, while chronic pancreatitis is a long-term affliction...

Acute Pancreatitis I: Introduction

Acute Pancreatitis I: Introduction

Pancreatitis is inflammation of the pancreas, an organ located behind the stomach. It can be either acute or chronic.
Acute pancreatitis is characterized by rapid inflammation of the pancreas, often caused by factors like gallstone blockage or excessive alcohol consumption. Chronic pancreatitis, on the other hand, is a slow, progressive inflammation that may result from long-term alcohol abuse, obstructions in the pancreatic duct, or genetic factors.
The causes of acute pancreatitis include:

Gastritis-II: Pathophysiology

Gastritis-II: Pathophysiology

Gastritis is marked by disruption of the mucosal barrier that usually protects the stomach tissue from digestive juices and manifests in acute and chronic forms.
In acute gastritis, the gastric mucosa becomes swollen and red and undergoes superficial erosion. Superficial ulceration may lead to bleeding.
In chronic gastritis, persistent or repeated insults lead to chronic inflammatory changes and, eventually, thinning or atrophy of the gastric tissue.
Gastritis can stem from various causes, each...

Pathophysiology of Diabetes

Pathophysiology of Diabetes

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia. The four categories of diabetes are type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, other specific types of diabetes, and gestational diabetes.
Type 1 diabetes is characterized by autoimmune-mediated destruction of pancreatic β cells, with environmental factors potentially triggering this process in genetically susceptible individuals. Despite many not having a family history, certain genes increase susceptibility,...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Understanding cholangiocarcinoma: molecular landscape, pathological classification, and challenges in biopsy diagnosis.

Histopathology·2026

Same author

Quo Vadis colorectal intramucosal adenocarcinoma?

Journal of clinical pathology·2026

Same author

Mucinous cystic neoplasm in men: a comparative study.

Histopathology·2025

Same author

Biliary adenofibroma: is it truly a benign neoplasm or benign-looking cholangiocarcinoma?

Journal of clinical pathology·2025

Same author

A Potential Case of Tubulocystic Ductal Carcinoma of the Pancreas.

Pathology international·2025

Same author

Ketamine cholangiopathy: clinical features and liver biopsy findings.

Histopathology·2025

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 16, 2025

Isolation of Human Islets from Partially Pancreatectomized Patients

Isolation of Human Islets from Partially Pancreatectomized Patients

Published on: July 30, 2011

Type 2 Autoimmune Pancreatitis: Consensus and Controversies.

¹Institute of Liver Studies, King's College Hospital & King's College London, London, UK.

|October 21, 2021

Summary

Type 2 autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP) is a distinct IgG4-unrelated condition often misdiagnosed due to similar symptoms as type 1 AIP. Diagnosis requires tissue confirmation of neutrophilic injury, highlighting an unmet clinical need.

Keywords:

Autoimmune pancreatitis Colitis Granulocytic epithelial lesion Idiopathic duct-centric pancreatitis Immunoglobulin G ulcerative

More Related Videos

A Mouse Model for Chronic Pancreatitis via Bile Duct TNBS Infusion

A Mouse Model for Chronic Pancreatitis via Bile Duct TNBS Infusion

Published on: February 28, 2021

Observing Islet Function and Islet-Immune Cell Interactions in Live Pancreatic Tissue Slices

Observing Islet Function and Islet-Immune Cell Interactions in Live Pancreatic Tissue Slices

Published on: April 12, 2021

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Oct 16, 2025

Isolation of Human Islets from Partially Pancreatectomized Patients

Isolation of Human Islets from Partially Pancreatectomized Patients

Published on: July 30, 2011

A Mouse Model for Chronic Pancreatitis via Bile Duct TNBS Infusion

A Mouse Model for Chronic Pancreatitis via Bile Duct TNBS Infusion

Published on: February 28, 2021

Observing Islet Function and Islet-Immune Cell Interactions in Live Pancreatic Tissue Slices

Observing Islet Function and Islet-Immune Cell Interactions in Live Pancreatic Tissue Slices

Published on: April 12, 2021

Area of Science:

Gastroenterology
Immunology
Pathology

Background:

Autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP) diagnosis has increased due to immunoglobulin G4 (IgG4) relevance.
Type 2 AIP is a distinct, underrecognized subtype unrelated to IgG4.
Type 1 and Type 2 AIP share clinical and imaging features, complicating diagnosis.

Purpose of the Study:

To review current understanding and controversies of Type 2 AIP.
To increase awareness of this underrecognized condition.
To identify unmet needs in Type 2 AIP diagnosis and research.

Main Methods:

Literature review of Type 2 AIP.
Summary of consensus and controversies.
Highlighting diagnostic challenges and knowledge gaps.

Main Results:

Type 2 AIP is characterized by neutrophilic injury (granulocytic epithelial lesion), distinct from IgG4-related Type 1 AIP.
Diagnosis is challenging due to lack of specific serum markers, requiring tissue confirmation.
Approximately one-third of Type 2 AIP cases are associated with inflammatory bowel disease, particularly ulcerative colitis.

Conclusions:

Type 2 AIP is a distinct entity requiring specific diagnostic criteria.
Further research is needed into its pathophysiology, potential extra-pancreatic manifestations, and pediatric cases.
Increased awareness and research are crucial for improving diagnosis and management.