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Related Concept Videos

Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms-SNPs01:05

Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms-SNPs

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A single nucleotide polymorphism or SNP is a single nucleotide variation at a specific genomic position in a large population. It is the most prevalent type of sequence variation found in the human genome. Point mutations that occur in more than 1% of the population qualify as SNPs. These are present once every 1000 nucleotides on an average in the human genome. Replacement of a purine with another purine (A/G) or a pyrimidine with another pyrimidine (C/T) is known as a transition. In contrast,...
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Rous Sarcoma virus or RSV was discovered by F. Peyton Rous in the year 1911 as a filterable transmissible agent that could cause tumors in chickens. He won a Nobel Prize for this discovery in 1966. His experiments clearly demonstrated that some cancers could be caused by infectious agents and led to the discovery of many more cancer-causing viruses in animals as well as humans.
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Comparing Copy Number Variations and SNPs02:26

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Sequencing of the human genome has opened up several best-kept secrets of the genome. Scientists have identified thousands of genome variations that exist within a population. These variations can be a single nucleotide or a larger chromosomal variation.
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Subviral Agents

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Subviral agents are infectious entities that resemble viruses but lack one or more viral components, such as a capsid or essential replication machinery. These agents include viroids, prions, and satellites, each possessing distinct structural and functional characteristics that influence their mode of infection and replication.Viroids are the simplest subviral agents, consisting of circular, single-stranded RNA molecules without a protein coat. They exclusively infect plants, relying entirely...
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Viruses with RNA Genomes

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RNA viruses are categorized into positive-strand, negative-strand, or double-stranded groups based on their genomic structure and replication mechanisms. This classification dictates how they exploit host cellular machinery for protein synthesis and replication. Some RNA viruses also utilize reverse transcription as part of their life cycle, further diversifying their replication strategies.Positive-Strand RNA VirusesPositive-strand RNA viruses have genomes that function directly as messenger...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 16, 2025

Live Imaging and Quantification of Viral Infection in K18 hACE2 Transgenic Mice Using Reporter-Expressing Recombinant SARS-CoV-2
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SARS-CoV-2 Variants of Concern.

Jun Yong Choi1,2, Davey M Smith3,4

  • 1Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.

Yonsei Medical Journal
|October 21, 2021
PubMed
Summary

The COVID-19 pandemic has seen the emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VOCs) like Delta. These VOCs show increased transmissibility and immune evasion, impacting vaccine effectiveness and reinfection risks.

Keywords:
COVID-19SARS-CoV-2alpha variantdelta variantvaccinevariantvariant of concern

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Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Epidemiology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by SARS-CoV-2, has been marked by continuous viral evolution.
  • Variants of Concern (VOCs) like Alpha, Beta, Gamma, and Delta exhibit distinct characteristics compared to the original strain.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the molecular features, epidemiology, and impact of SARS-CoV-2 VOCs.
  • To assess the effect of VOCs on transmissibility, disease severity, and vaccine effectiveness.

Main Methods:

  • Review of scientific literature on SARS-CoV-2 variants up to September 15, 2021.
  • Analysis of epidemiological data and molecular characteristics of VOCs.

Main Results:

  • VOCs demonstrate increased transmissibility and potential for greater disease severity.
  • VOCs exhibit reduced susceptibility to immune responses, leading to reinfection and decreased effectiveness of some treatments.
  • Current COVID-19 vaccines remain effective against severe disease caused by VOCs, though effectiveness may be impacted.

Conclusions:

  • Continued vigilance in transmission reduction, monitoring, and research on SARS-CoV-2 variants is crucial.
  • Understanding VOCs' molecular and epidemiological impact is essential for public health strategies.