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Related Concept Videos

Surface Tension of Fluid01:22

Surface Tension of Fluid

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Surface tension is a fundamental property of fluids, occurring at the boundary between a liquid and a gas or between two immiscible liquids. This phenomenon arises from the cohesive forces between molecules at the fluid's surface, creating an effect similar to a stretched elastic membrane. Inside each fluid, molecules are equally attracted in all directions by neighboring molecules, but surface molecules experience a net inward force, resulting in surface tension.
Surface tension varies...
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Contact Angle01:13

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When a solid is dipped inside a liquid, the liquid surface becomes curved near the contact. For some solid–liquid interfaces, the liquid is pulled up along the solid, while for others, the liquid surface is convex or depressed near the solid surface. This phenomenon can be explained using the concept of cohesive and adhesive forces.
The adhesive force is the molecular force between molecules of different materials, that is, between the molecules of the solid and the liquid. The cohesive...
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Hydrostatic Pressure Force on a Curved Surface01:04

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Hydrostatic pressure on curved surfaces is a fundamental concept in fluid mechanics with broad applications in the civil engineering field. When fluid is in contact with a curved surface, as in a reservoir, dam, or storage tank, it exerts pressure that varies in magnitude and direction along the curved surface. To assess the total hydrostatic force exerted by the fluid on a curved structure, engineers typically isolate the fluid volume adjacent to the surface and analyze the forces acting on...
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Surface Tension and Surface Energy01:16

Surface Tension and Surface Energy

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When a paint brush is immersed in water, the bristles wave freely inside the water. When it is taken out, the bristles stick together. The reason behind this effect is surface tension.
Consider a beaker filled with liquid. The bulk molecules in the liquid experience equal attractive forces on all sides with the surrounding molecules. However, the surface molecules experience a net attractive force downward due to the bulk molecules. The surface of the liquid behaves like a stretched membrane,...
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Fluid Pressure over Curved Plate of Constant Width01:12

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When a curved plate of constant width is submerged in a liquid, the pressure acting normal to the plate varies continuously both in magnitude and direction. Calculating the magnitude and location of the resultant force at a point is often challenging for such cases. One of the methods to determine the resultant force and its location involves separately calculating the horizontal and vertical components of the resultant force. This complex calculation can be simplified by representing the...
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Fluid Pressure over Flat Plate of Constant Width01:05

Fluid Pressure over Flat Plate of Constant Width

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When a body is submerged in water, it experiences fluid pressure acting normal on its surface and distributed over its area. For better design structures, it is crucial to determine the magnitude and location of the resultant force acting on the surface. In the case of a rectangular plate of constant width submerged in water, the pressure increases with depth, resulting in a linearly varying trapezoidal pressure distribution from the upper to the lower edge of the plate.
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Pore-scale Imaging and Characterization of Hydrocarbon Reservoir Rock Wettability at Subsurface Conditions Using X-ray Microtomography
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Surface Normals and Shape From Water.

Meng-Yu Jennifer Kuo, Satoshi Murai, Ryo Kawahara

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    This study presents a new underwater imaging method to simultaneously recover surface normals and depth of dynamic objects. It utilizes multi-wavelength near-infrared light absorption and surface shading for accurate 3D shape reconstruction.

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    Area of Science:

    • Computer Vision
    • Optical Imaging
    • Robotics

    Background:

    • Traditional shape recovery methods often estimate depth or surface normals independently.
    • Existing techniques struggle with simultaneous recovery of both geometric properties, especially in challenging underwater environments.
    • Reconstructing dynamic objects underwater presents unique challenges due to light scattering and absorption.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To develop a novel method for simultaneous reconstruction of surface normals and depth for dynamic objects underwater.
    • To address limitations of existing methods that compute one geometric property from the other.
    • To enable accurate 3D shape recovery in challenging underwater conditions.

    Main Methods:

    • Leveraging multi-wavelength near-infrared light absorption across different underwater light paths.
    • Integrating surface shading cues with light absorption properties for geometric estimation.
    • Developing a principled theory and practical calibration for underwater shape recovery.
    • Implementing a one-shot imaging system for efficient data acquisition.

    Main Results:

    • Simultaneous recovery of surface normals and depth for each pixel of underwater objects.
    • Successful handling of both Lambertian and non-Lambertian surfaces.
    • Demonstrated effectiveness on static and dynamic real-world objects using prototype systems (off-line and video-rate).
    • Recovery of intricate surface features not accessible by other methods.

    Conclusions:

    • The proposed method offers a significant advancement in underwater 3D shape reconstruction.
    • Simultaneous recovery of surface normals and depth is achievable using multi-wavelength NIR light and shading.
    • The one-shot imaging system provides a practical solution for real-time and offline applications.