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Updated: Oct 16, 2025

Measurement of Leaf Hydraulic Conductance and Stomatal Conductance and Their Responses to Irradiance and Dehydration Using the Evaporative Flux Method EFM

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Published on: December 31, 2012

Grapevines under drought do not express esca leaf symptoms.

Giovanni Bortolami¹, Gregory A Gambetta², Cédric Cassan^3,4

¹Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement (INRAE), Bordeaux Sciences Agro (BSA), Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV), Santé et Agroécologie du Vignoble (SAVE), Villenave d'Ornon 33140, France.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

|October 22, 2021

Summary

Drought completely masked esca leaf symptoms in grapevines, revealing distinct plant physiological responses to each stress. Understanding these interactions is crucial for managing plant mortality amid climate change.

Keywords:

abiotic–biotic interactions carbon balance drought plant dieback vascular disease

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Area of Science:

Plant pathology
Plant physiology
Climate change impacts

Background:

Plant mortality is rising globally due to climate change, driven by complex abiotic and biotic interactions.
Investigating these interactions is challenging, limiting our understanding of plant death causes.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the interaction between drought and esca vascular disease in grapevines.
To differentiate the physiological responses of grapevines to drought versus esca.

Main Methods:

Quantified whole-plant water relations, including water potential and stomatal conductance.
Assessed carbon balance through CO2 assimilation, chlorophyll, and nonstructural carbohydrate measurements.
Observed the effect of drought on esca leaf symptom expression.

Main Results:

Drought completely inhibited the expression of esca leaf symptoms.
Esca led to stomatal conductance decline, but not through decreased water potential.
Drought and esca exhibited distinct seasonal dynamics in gas exchange and nonstructural carbohydrates.

Conclusions:

Grapevine responses to drought and esca are physiologically distinct.
Esca-induced decline is not solely driven by water potential reduction.
Findings provide insights into managing grapevine health under combined climate-related stressors.