Colorectal Cancer in Uganda: A 10-Year, Facility-Based, Retrospective Study

Area of Science:

• Oncology
• Gastroenterology
• Public Health

Background:

• Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a leading cause of cancer deaths globally.
• While prevalent in developed nations, CRC incidence is rising in developing countries, including early-onset cases.
• This study investigates CRC prevalence in Ugandan patients with lower gastrointestinal complaints.

Purpose of the Study:

• To determine the prevalence of colorectal cancer (CRC) among hospitalized patients with lower gastrointestinal complaints.
• To identify demographic and clinical factors associated with CRC in this population.
• To inform public health strategies for early CRC detection in Uganda.

Main Methods:

• A 10-year retrospective chart review (2010-2020) at Mulago National Referral Hospital, Uganda.
• Inclusion criteria: patients admitted to the lower gastrointestinal tract (GIT) ward.
• Exclusion criteria: missing data, pediatric patients, non-lower GIT specialties.

Main Results:

• 138 out of 1476 eligible patients (9.3%) were diagnosed with CRC.
• The most common site was the rectum (59.8%); 72.8% of diagnosed cases presented with advanced disease (Stage 3 or 4).
• Independent predictors for CRC included age ≥50 years, female sex, widowed status, and presence of risk factors.

Conclusions:

• Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a significant issue among patients hospitalized for lower gastrointestinal problems in Uganda.
• Women and individuals with known CRC risk factors are particularly affected.
• Implementing awareness campaigns and screening programs is essential for early CRC diagnosis.