Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Factors Influencing Attraction I: Proximity

Factors Influencing Attraction I: Proximity

Proximity plays a fundamental role in shaping interpersonal attraction by increasing opportunities for interaction and fostering familiarity. Research consistently demonstrates that individuals are more likely to form social bonds with those who are physically closer to them, whether in residential settings, workplaces, or educational institutions. This effect is largely driven by the increased frequency of encounters, which facilitates the development of friendships and romantic...

Bystander Effect

Bystander Effect

The discussion of bullying highlights the problem of witnesses not intervening to help a victim. This is a common occurrence, as the following well-publicized event demonstrates. In 1964, in Queens, New York, a 19-year-old woman named Kitty Genovese was attacked by a person with a knife near the back entrance to her apartment building and again in the hallway inside her apartment building. When the attack occurred, she screamed for help numerous times and eventually died from her stab wounds.

Factors Influencing Attraction II: Physical Attraction

Factors Influencing Attraction II: Physical Attraction

Physical attractiveness plays a crucial role in shaping interpersonal attraction, influencing first impressions, social interactions, and long-term relationship dynamics. Psychological research consistently demonstrates that attractiveness affects social evaluations and behavioral outcomes in various contexts.Influence on Social InteractionsResearch has shown that individuals perceived as physically attractive often experience preferential treatment in social and professional settings. One...

Zones of Protection

Zones of Protection

In power systems, the entire setup is divided into protective zones to isolate faults and protect the rest of the network. These zones include generators, transformers, buses, transmission lines, distribution lines, and motors. Each zone can be visualized as a separate room in a house, with each room protected by its own circuit breaker.
Protective zones are defined by closed dashed lines, containing one or more components. A key characteristic of these zones is the strategic placement of...

Design Example: Measuring Distance Between Two Points with Obstructions

Design Example: Measuring Distance Between Two Points with Obstructions

When measuring distances in areas with physical obstructions, such as a lake in a field, surveyors must employ techniques to calculate accurate lengths without direct line measurements. One effective method is the offset technique, which allows for precise distance estimation over inaccessible stretches.In this scenario, a surveyor must measure a side of an area that crosses a lake. Since the measuring tape cannot span the lake, the surveyor begins by establishing a baseline that aligns with...

Distance Corrections

Distance Corrections

To achieve precise distance measurements, especially in surveying and construction, certain corrections must be applied to account for potential sources of error like the standardization errors, temperature variations, and slope adjustments.Standardization error emerges when measurement equipment undergoes changes, such as wear, repairs, or weather impacts. To address this, surveyors compare the equipment’s readings to a standard. This process identifies any deviation that might lead to...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

A phase 1 study of ASTX727 plus talazoparib in patients with triple-negative or hormone resistant/HER2-negative metastatic breast cancer.

Cancer·2026

Same author

Pizza and Paintballs: A Cost-Effective Model for Incision and Drainage Simulation Training.

Journal of education & teaching in emergency medicine·2025

Same author

Immunotherapy for leptomeningeal disease from solid tumors: current clinical outcomes and future opportunities.

Cancer metastasis reviews·2024

Same author

Treatment Options for Brain Metastases.

Current treatment options in oncology·2024

Same author

Impact of Anti-Estrogen Therapy on Early Cardiovascular Referrals, Tests and Medications in Premenopausal Women with Operable Breast Cancer.

Clinical breast cancer·2024

Same author

Cardiovascular impact of near complete estrogen deprivation in premenopausal women with breast cancer: The CROWN study.

American heart journal·2023

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 16, 2025

Using a Virtual Reality Walking Simulator to Investigate Pedestrian Behavior

Using a Virtual Reality Walking Simulator to Investigate Pedestrian Behavior

Published on: June 9, 2020

Spatial and Temporal Distance Between the Victim and Offender as a Factor in Protective Order Violations: How Much

Lawrence L Bench¹, Terry Allen¹, Emily Douglas¹

¹University of Utah, Utah, USA.

Violence Against Women

|October 22, 2021

Summary

Protective orders are minimally effective. However, when victims and offenders live 25 miles apart, protective order violations drop to near zero for all contact types, including cyber.

Keywords:

distance-to-crime domestic violence intimate partner violence protective orders protective strategies

More Related Videos

The Resident-intruder Paradigm: A Standardized Test for Aggression, Violence and Social Stress

The Resident-intruder Paradigm: A Standardized Test for Aggression, Violence and Social Stress

Published on: July 4, 2013

Conditions Affecting Social Space in Drosophila melanogaster

Conditions Affecting Social Space in Drosophila melanogaster

Published on: November 5, 2015

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Oct 16, 2025

Using a Virtual Reality Walking Simulator to Investigate Pedestrian Behavior

Using a Virtual Reality Walking Simulator to Investigate Pedestrian Behavior

Published on: June 9, 2020

The Resident-intruder Paradigm: A Standardized Test for Aggression, Violence and Social Stress

The Resident-intruder Paradigm: A Standardized Test for Aggression, Violence and Social Stress

Published on: July 4, 2013

Conditions Affecting Social Space in Drosophila melanogaster

Conditions Affecting Social Space in Drosophila melanogaster

Published on: November 5, 2015

Area of Science:

Criminology
Sociology
Public Policy

Background:

Protective orders offer limited victim protection.
Understanding factors influencing protective order violations is crucial for victim safety.

Purpose of the Study:

To explore the relationship between victim-offender distance and protective order violation rates.
To determine if physical and temporal distances impact the likelihood of violations.

Main Methods:

This study analyzed protective order violation data.
It examined the correlation between geographic separation (physical distance) and violation occurrences.
Temporal distance was also considered in relation to violation rates.

Main Results:

A significant reduction in protective order violations was observed when victims and offenders were separated by 25 miles or more.
This distance-based protective effect was consistent across physical, telephone, and cyber contact methods.
Violation rates approached zero under conditions of substantial geographic separation.

Conclusions:

Geographic distance is a critical factor in the effectiveness of protective orders.
Policy implications suggest prioritizing strategies that maximize victim-offender separation.
Future research should further investigate the mechanisms behind distance-related protection and explore optimal intervention strategies.