Breast Cancer Surgery: New Issues.

Area of Science:

• Oncology
• Surgical Oncology
• Genetics

Background:

• Historically, breast cancer surgery involved radical mastectomy, causing significant physical and psychological distress.
• Advancements, notably influenced by figures like Professor Umberto Veronesi, have shifted towards more conservative surgical techniques.

Purpose of the Study:

• To trace the evolution of breast cancer surgical management.
• To highlight the increasing importance of molecular profiling and personalized medicine in breast cancer treatment.

Main Methods:

• Review of historical surgical practices in breast cancer treatment.
• Analysis of advancements in understanding tumor biology, biomarkers, and genetics.
• Incorporation of neoadjuvant therapies and improvements in imaging and surgical techniques.

Main Results:

• Significant progress from disfiguring radical surgeries to conservative breast cancer operations.
• Enhanced understanding of tumor biology and biomarkers driving personalized treatment strategies.
• Integration of neoadjuvant treatments and technological advancements in surgical and reconstructive techniques.

Conclusions:

• The future of breast cancer management lies in highly precise and targeted surgery.
• A multidisciplinary and personalized approach is essential to ensure oncological safety and maximize patient quality of life.