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Reverse Osmosis Concentrate: Physicochemical Characteristics, Environmental Impact, and Technologies
Hugo Valdés1, Aldo Saavedra2, Marcos Flores3
1Centro de Innovación en Ingeniería Aplicada (CIIA), Departamento de Computación e Industrias, Facultad de Ciencias de la Ingeniería, Universidad Católica del Maule (UCM), Av. San Miguel 3605, Talca 3460000, Chile.
Membranes
|October 22, 2021
Summary
Reverse osmosis concentrate (ROC) requires comprehensive profiling and treatment. Implementing circular economies and exploring sustainable solutions like constructed wetlands are crucial for mitigating environmental impacts from desalination.
Area of Science:
- Environmental Science
- Water Treatment Technologies
- Chemical Engineering
Background:
- Reverse osmosis concentrate (ROC) poses environmental challenges due to its high solute concentration.
- Desalination processes generate significant volumes of ROC, necessitating effective management strategies.
- Current disposal methods can lead to water body contamination and resource loss.
Purpose of the Study:
- To create a comprehensive profile of ROC, detailing its physicochemical properties and environmental impact.
- To review and analyze existing and emerging technologies for ROC treatment and element recovery.
- To explore the potential valorization of components within ROC.
Main Methods:
- A systematic literature review was employed to gather and analyze data on ROC.
- Grounded data theory principles guided the identification and evaluation of evidence from scientific articles.
- Comparative analysis of conventional and emerging ROC treatment technologies.
Main Results:
- Strict regulations are imperative to prevent contamination of receiving water bodies from ROC.
- Desalination plants must adopt circular economy principles for sustainable ROC management.
- Synergizing conventional and emerging technologies offers the most efficient mitigation strategy.
Conclusions:
- Constructed wetlands present a promising, multi-benefit solution for ROC treatment.
- This technology offers simultaneous removal of nutrients, metals, and trace organic contaminants cost-effectively.
- Constructed wetlands represent a socially accepted and sustainable approach to ROC management.
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