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Testing Sensory and Multisensory Function in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder

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Longitudinal Stability of Intellectual Functioning in Autism Spectrum Disorder: From Age 3 Through Mid-adulthood.

Molly B D Prigge¹, Erin D Bigler^2,3,4,5, Nicholas Lange⁶

¹Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Radiology Research, University of Utah, 729 Arapeen Drive, Salt Lake City, UT, 84108, USA. molly.prigge@hsc.utah.edu.

Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders

|October 22, 2021

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Intelligence scores in individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are dynamic during childhood and young adulthood, not stable. Verbal IQ and working memory stabilize by early adulthood, while nonverbal skills continue to change.

Keywords:

ASD Autism spectrum disorder Cognitive development Intelligence Longitudinal study Stability

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Published on: December 7, 2018

Area of Science:

Neurodevelopmental disorders
Developmental psychology
Cognitive science

Background:

Intelligence (IQ) scores are crucial for educational and vocational planning in individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD).
Limited understanding exists regarding the stability of IQ throughout the developmental trajectory of individuals with ASD.
Longitudinal studies are needed to track cognitive development in ASD.

Purpose of the Study:

To examine the longitudinal age-related IQ stability in individuals with ASD.
To compare IQ stability patterns between individuals with ASD and typically developing controls.
To identify specific cognitive domains that show stability or change over time in ASD.

Main Methods:

Longitudinal study design tracking 119 individuals with ASD and 128 typically developing controls over a 20-year period.
Intelligence measures, including Full Scale IQ (FSIQ), Verbal IQ (VIQ), and nonverbal/perceptual scores, were collected.
Participants ranged from 3 to 36 years of age at their first assessment.

Main Results:

Individuals with ASD showed lower initial Full Scale IQ and Verbal IQ in childhood compared to controls.
Intelligence scores in ASD increased at a greater rate with age relative to the control group.
Verbal IQ and working memory stabilized by early adulthood in ASD, while nonverbal and perceptual scores continued to evolve.

Conclusions:

IQ estimates for individuals with ASD are dynamic and can change significantly throughout childhood and young adulthood.
Cognitive development in ASD is characterized by differential trajectories across various intellectual domains.
Understanding these dynamic changes is essential for accurate educational and vocational support for individuals with ASD.