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The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 16, 2025

Validation of Nanobody and Antibody Based In Vivo Tumor Xenograft NIRF-imaging Experiments in Mice Using Ex Vivo Flow Cytometry and Microscopy
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Smart Nanogatekeepers for Tumor Theranostics.

Xunfa Zhang1, Yang Chen2, Xian He1,3

  • 1College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine and Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, China.

Small (Weinheim an Der Bergstrasse, Germany)
|October 22, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Nanoparticulate drug delivery systems (nano-DDSs) face challenges in tumors. New nanogatekeepers with adaptable structures improve tumor targeting and reduce side effects for better theranostics.

Keywords:
artificial individualization receptorscancer theranosticsreversible activationstructure-stable nanotherapeuticsstructure-transformable nanogatekeepers

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Nanotechnology
  • Oncology

Background:

  • Nanoparticulate drug delivery systems (nano-DDSs) are crucial for theranostics, aiming for targeted tumor delivery and minimal off-target effects.
  • Tumor interstitial pressure and complex environments can cause nano-DDSs to leave the tumor site, leading to systemic side effects.
  • Developing strategies to ensure persistent residence of nano-DDSs at the tumor site is essential for effective cancer treatment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To overview emerging structure-transformable nanogatekeepers for tumor imaging and therapy.
  • To review intelligent structure-stable nanogatekeepers utilizing reversible activation and artificial receptors.
  • To discuss current challenges and future prospects for nanogatekeeper clinical translation.

Main Methods:

  • Review of structure-transformable nanogatekeepers that change form within tumor microenvironments, cell membranes, and organelles.
  • Overview of structure-stable nanogatekeepers employing reversible activation and artificial individualization receptors.
  • Analysis of existing literature on nanogatekeeper design and function for cancer theranostics.

Main Results:

  • Structure-transformable nanogatekeepers show promise for enhanced tumor accumulation and retention by adapting to the tumor microenvironment.
  • Structure-stable nanogatekeepers offer controlled release and targeted action through intelligent design principles.
  • These nanogatekeeper strategies aim to overcome the limitations of conventional nano-DDSs in clinical applications.

Conclusions:

  • Nanogatekeepers represent a significant advancement in overcoming the challenges of nano-DDS retention in tumors.
  • Both structure-transformable and structure-stable designs offer distinct advantages for improving tumor-specific drug delivery.
  • Further research and development are needed to translate these promising nanogatekeeper technologies into effective clinical theranostics.