Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Batteries and Fuel Cells03:12

Batteries and Fuel Cells

28.7K
A battery is a galvanic cell that is used as a source of electrical power for specific applications. Modern batteries exist in a multitude of forms to accommodate various applications, from tiny button batteries such as those that power wristwatches to the very large batteries used to supply backup energy to municipal power grids. Some batteries are designed for single-use applications and cannot be recharged (primary cells), while others are based on conveniently reversible cell reactions that...
28.7K
Voltaic/Galvanic Cells02:47

Voltaic/Galvanic Cells

59.3K
Spontaneous Chemical Reactions
Spontaneous redox reactions occur abundantly in nature. The chemical reaction occurring in a disposable AA battery powering our remote controls is one such example of a spontaneous redox reaction. Another example is the immersion of coiled copper wire into an aqueous silver nitrate solution. The reaction shows a gradual, visually impressive color change from colorless to bright blue and the formation of a grey precipitate on the copper wire. In this experiment,...
59.3K
Redox Equilibria: Overview01:23

Redox Equilibria: Overview

1.3K
A reduction-oxidation reaction is commonly called a redox reaction. In a redox reaction, electrons are transferred from one species to another rather than being shared between or among atoms. The reducing agent or reductant is the species that loses electrons and gets oxidized in the process. The species that gains electrons and gets reduced in the process is the oxidizing agent or oxidant. Redox reactions are represented as two separate equations called half-reactions, where one equation...
1.3K
Ladder Diagrams: Redox Equilibria01:30

Ladder Diagrams: Redox Equilibria

558
Ladder diagrams are useful tools for understanding redox equilibrium reactions, especially the effects of concentration changes on the electrochemical potential of the reaction. The vertical axis in the redox ladder diagrams represents the electrochemical potential, E. The area of predominance is demarcated using the Nernst equation.
Consider the Fe3+/Fe2+ half-reaction, which has a standard-state potential of +0.771 V. At potentials more positive than +0.771 V, Fe3+ predominates, whereas Fe2+...
558
Balancing Redox Equations02:58

Balancing Redox Equations

55.6K
Electrochemistry is the science involved in the interconversion of electrical and chemical reactions. Such reactions are called reduction-oxidation, or redox reactions. These important reactions are defined by changes in oxidation states for one or more reactant elements and include a subset of reactions involving the transfer of electrons between reactant species. Electrochemistry as a field has evolved to yield sufficient insights on the fundamental principles of redox chemistry and multiple...
55.6K
Formation of Complex Ions03:45

Formation of Complex Ions

24.4K
A type of Lewis acid-base chemistry involves the formation of a complex ion (or a coordination complex) comprising a central atom, typically a transition metal cation, surrounded by ions or molecules called ligands. These ligands can be neutral molecules like H2O or NH3, or ions such as CN− or OH−. Often, the ligands act as Lewis bases, donating a pair of electrons to the central atom. These types of Lewis acid-base reactions are examples of a broad subdiscipline called coordination...
24.4K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Tuning Selectivity of Electrochemical Sensors With Polymer Coatings.

Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)·2026
Same author

Redox Staining of Metallic Lithium inside Batteries for Multimodal Visualization and Identification with Multiscale Spatial Resolution.

Journal of the American Chemical Society·2026
Same author

Genetically targeted photocatalytic organic dyes for spatiotemporally controlled organic synthesis in specific living cells.

Nature chemistry·2026
Same author

Publisher Correction: Ultralow-voltage electrochemical organic light-emitting transistors with pinned and wide lateral recombination.

Nature materials·2026
Same author

SEI Characterization Using XPS: Resolving Rinsing Effects through Cryogenic Implementation.

ACS applied materials & interfaces·2026
Same author

Subsurface Vacancy Engineering Enables Atomically Clean and Oxidation-Resistant Copper Interfaces for Anode-Free Lithium Metal Batteries.

ACS nano·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 16, 2025

Elemental-sensitive Detection of the Chemistry in Batteries through Soft X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy and Resonant Inelastic X-ray Scattering
07:55

Elemental-sensitive Detection of the Chemistry in Batteries through Soft X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy and Resonant Inelastic X-ray Scattering

Published on: April 17, 2018

12.9K

All-Solid-State Lithium-Sulfur Batteries Enhanced by Redox Mediators.

Xin Gao1, Xueli Zheng1, Yuchi Tsao2

  • 1Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States.

Journal of the American Chemical Society
|October 22, 2021
PubMed
Summary

This study introduces redox mediators (RMs) for all-solid-state lithium-sulfur batteries (ASSLSBs), significantly lowering the energy barrier for lithium sulfide oxidation and improving battery performance and stability.

More Related Videos

Characterization of Electrode Materials for Lithium Ion and Sodium Ion Batteries Using Synchrotron Radiation Techniques
10:03

Characterization of Electrode Materials for Lithium Ion and Sodium Ion Batteries Using Synchrotron Radiation Techniques

Published on: November 11, 2013

25.7K
A Protocol for Electrochemical Evaluations and State of Charge Diagnostics of a Symmetric Organic Redox Flow Battery
09:49

A Protocol for Electrochemical Evaluations and State of Charge Diagnostics of a Symmetric Organic Redox Flow Battery

Published on: February 13, 2017

10.6K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Oct 16, 2025

Elemental-sensitive Detection of the Chemistry in Batteries through Soft X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy and Resonant Inelastic X-ray Scattering
07:55

Elemental-sensitive Detection of the Chemistry in Batteries through Soft X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy and Resonant Inelastic X-ray Scattering

Published on: April 17, 2018

12.9K
Characterization of Electrode Materials for Lithium Ion and Sodium Ion Batteries Using Synchrotron Radiation Techniques
10:03

Characterization of Electrode Materials for Lithium Ion and Sodium Ion Batteries Using Synchrotron Radiation Techniques

Published on: November 11, 2013

25.7K
A Protocol for Electrochemical Evaluations and State of Charge Diagnostics of a Symmetric Organic Redox Flow Battery
09:49

A Protocol for Electrochemical Evaluations and State of Charge Diagnostics of a Symmetric Organic Redox Flow Battery

Published on: February 13, 2017

10.6K

Area of Science:

  • Electrochemistry
  • Materials Science
  • Energy Storage

Background:

  • Redox mediators (RMs) are crucial in liquid electrolyte batteries but unexplored in solid-state systems.
  • All-solid-state lithium-sulfur batteries (ASSLSBs) face challenges with lithium sulfide (Li2S) oxidation energy barriers.
  • Developing efficient RMs is key to unlocking the potential of ASSLSBs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate redox mediator candidates for all-solid-state lithium-sulfur batteries.
  • To explore the role and behavior of redox mediators in enhancing Li2S oxidation.
  • To improve the electrochemical performance and stability of ASSLSBs.

Main Methods:

  • Screening of redox mediator candidates, focusing on quinone-based compounds.
  • Electrochemical characterization of Li2S cathodes with and without redox mediators.
  • Operando sulfur K-edge X-ray absorption spectroscopy to track sulfur speciation.
  • Performance evaluation including cycling stability and rate capability.

Main Results:

  • The quinone-based redox mediator (AQT) demonstrated favorable redox potential and reversibility for Li2S oxidation.
  • ASSLSBs with AQT exhibited a reduced charging energy barrier (2.4 V) and high discharge capacity (1133 mAh gs-1).
  • Operando spectroscopy confirmed that AQT facilitates solid-polysulfide-solid reactions, enhancing Li2S oxidation kinetics.

Conclusions:

  • Redox mediators, specifically AQT, can effectively lower the activation energy for Li2S oxidation in ASSLSBs.
  • The AQT-enhanced pathway significantly improves sulfur utilization, cycling stability (98.9% CE for 150 cycles), and rate capability.
  • This work establishes a pathway for designing effective redox mediators to accelerate Li-S reactions in solid-state batteries.