Related Experiment Video
Updated: Oct 16, 2025
Chronic Intermittent Ethanol Vapor Exposure Paired with Two-Bottle Choice to Model Alcohol Use Disorder
Published on: June 23, 2023
Betel Quid Dependence Effects on Working Memory and Remote Memory in Chewers with Concurrent Use of Cigarette and
Chih-Ying Lee1, Wei-Han Wang2, Chien-Hung Lee3,4
1Clinical Psychology Department, Jianan Psychiatric Center, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Tainan, Taiwan.
Objective:
The current study asked whether BQ dependence level could affect working memory (WM) and remote memory for the chewers with concurrent use of cigarettes and alcohol, a common phenomenon in Taiwan.
Methods:
The standardized neuropsychological tests (Wechsler Memory Scale III (WMS-III) and Remote Memory Test) were adopted to address the BQ chewers' verbal WM, spatial WM and remote memory. The Spatial Span Test and the Digit Span Test from WMS-III and the Remote Memory Test were adopted. The Betel Nut Dependency Scale (BNDS), the Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND), and the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) were adopted to measure the dependence levels.
Results:
The BQ dependence level and Last BQ did not affect spatial WM, verbal WM, and remote memory. Last Cigarette is critical in affecting WM; namely, longer interval led to worse performance. Finally, higher alcohol dependence level could lead to better remote memory.
Conclusions:
To our knowledge, there are no BQ studies addressing the effects of concurrent use of cigarettes and alcohol on memory. The current results suggest that cigarette smoking and alcohol drinking, rather than BQ chewing, are critical for memory performance.
More Related Videos
08:45Modeling Alcohol Consumption in Rodents Using Two-Bottle Choice Home Cage Drinking and Microstructural Analysis
Published on: November 8, 2024
08:05A Prediction Error-driven Retrieval Procedure for Destabilizing and Rewriting Maladaptive Reward Memories in Hazardous Drinkers
Published on: January 5, 2018
Related Concept Videos
01:27CNS Depressants: Alcohol and Nicotine
01:17Drug Dependence
01:29Stimulants
Cocaine can be administered via snorting, injection, or smoking. It primarily functions by blocking the reuptake of dopamine, resulting in a euphoric high characterized by an intense sensation of happiness and...
01:30Cognitive Enhancers: Cholinesterase Inhibitors and NMDA Receptor Antagonists
01:23Drugs Acting on Autonomic Ganglia: Stimulants
Ganglionic stimulants activate NM nicotinic receptors in autonomic ganglia, falling into two categories: nicotine mimetics [e.g., lobeline, dimethylpiperazine, tetramethylammonium] and muscarinic receptor agonists [e.g., muscarine, methacholine]. The first category's action is rapid and blocked by nicotinic receptor antagonists, while the second category's action is delayed and blocked by atropine-like agents. Nicotine, an alkaloid, affects the heart rate by stimulating...
01:24Substance Use Disorders Affecting Sleep
Understanding the concepts of physical dependence,...