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Related Concept Videos

Gross Anatomy of the Lungs01:17

Gross Anatomy of the Lungs

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The lungs are a pair of vital organs connected to the trachea via the left and right bronchi. The base of these organs meets the dome-shaped muscle known as the diaphragm. Encased by the pleurae, the lungs contact the mediastinum. The right lung is shorter yet wider, and has a larger volume than the left lung. The left lung has an indentation known as the cardiac notch. The superior region of the lungs is referred to as the apex, whereas the base is the lower region near the diaphragm. The...
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Lung Capacity01:47

Lung Capacity

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The air in the lungs is measured in volumes and capacities. Lung volume measures reflect the amount of air taken in, released, or left over after a lung function, like a single inhalation. Lung capacity measures are sums of two or more lung volume measures.
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COPD is defined as a heterogeneous lung condition marked by persistent respiratory symptoms such as dyspnea, cough, and sputum production, caused by abnormalities in the airways that cause airflow obstruction.
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Other Pulmonary Disorders01:17

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Respiratory disorders encompass a range of conditions with varying levels of severity. Asthma, marked by chronic airway inflammation and hypersensitivity, is one such condition. It can lead to airway obstruction due to factors like bronchial spasms, mucosal edema, increased mucus secretion, or epithelial damage. Asthma triggers are diverse, ranging from allergens to emotional upset, and treatment focuses on both immediate relief through bronchodilators and long-term inflammation suppression.
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Pleura of the Lungs01:13

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The lungs are nestled in a cavity, shielded by the pleura. The pleura, a form of serous membrane, wraps around each lung. This membrane arrangement consists of two layers: the visceral and parietal pleurae. The visceral pleura lines the surface of the lungIn contrast, the parietal pleura is the outer layer and contacts to the thoracic wall, the mediastinum, and the diaphragm. The hilum is the point of connection between the visceral and parietal layers. The space between the parietal and...
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Tumor Progression

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Tumor progression is a phenomenon where the pre-formed tumor acquires successive mutations to become clinically more aggressive and malignant. In the 1950s, Foulds first described the stepwise progression of cancer cells through successive stages.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 16, 2025

Multidimensional Coculture System to Model Lung Squamous Carcinoma Progression
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Lung Chordoma: A Discussion.

Daniel Kaufman1, Valeria Farias2, Jeffrey Lipton3

  • 1Department of Surgery, Maimonides Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York.

The Annals of Thoracic Surgery
|October 22, 2021
PubMed
Summary

This case report details a rare instance of pulmonary chordoma, a neoplasm originating from notochord remnants. Diagnosis was confirmed via surgical resection and immunohistochemistry in a patient with bilateral lung nodules.

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Pathology

Background:

  • Chordomas are rare bone cancers originating from notochordal remnants.
  • Most chordomas present in the axial or extra-axial skeleton, with pulmonary involvement being exceptionally rare.

Observation:

  • A 61-year-old woman presented with bilateral pulmonary nodules discovered during pre-bariatric surgery screening.
  • Surgical resection via video-assisted thoracoscopic wedge resection was performed for these nodules.

Findings:

  • Immunohistochemical analysis confirmed the pulmonary nodules as chordomas.
  • This finding represents a rare presentation of chordoma in the lung.

Implications:

  • The case highlights the importance of considering rare diagnoses in pulmonary nodules.
  • Surgical resection is indicated for chordomas due to their general chemoresistance, though further research into pulmonary chordoma treatment is warranted.