Fluorescent and photoactive probes for the study of protein kinase C

A fluorescent diacylglycerol, 2-(12-N-dansylaminododecanoyl)-1-myristoyl-sn-glycerol (dansyl-DAG) and a photoactive diacylglycerol, 2-(12-[N-(4-azido-2-nitrophenyl)] aminododecanoyl)-1-myristoyl-sn-glycerol (azido-DAG) have been synthesized. Both have been shown to bind to protein kinase C by inhibition of phorbol dibutyrate binding. Dansyl-DAG was able to activate protein kinase C at low calcium concentrations. Stimulation of neutrophils with dansyl-DAG resulted in a large release of superoxide radicals from the cells. The physicochemical properties of dansyl-DAG and azido-DAG may allow one to label and follow specifically changes in the location of protein kinase C and to understand some aspects of its function and regulation.