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Microorganisms in Medicine and Therapeutics01:29

Microorganisms in Medicine and Therapeutics

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Microorganisms play a fundamental role in vaccine development, gene therapy, and therapeutic production. Their biological properties are harnessed to advance medicine and public health. Beyond immunization, microorganisms contribute to gut health, antibiotic synthesis, and genetic disease treatment.Live Attenuated and Inactivated VaccinesLive attenuated vaccines, such as the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine, utilize weakened forms of pathogens to closely resemble natural infections.
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Updated: Oct 16, 2025

Probiotic Studies in Neonatal Mice Using Gavage
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Probiotics and Trained Immunity.

Naima G Cortes-Perez1, Alejandra de Moreno de LeBlanc2, Jorge G Gomez-Gutierrez3

  • 1Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, UMR 0496, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France.

Biomolecules
|October 23, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Trained immunity, a form of innate immune memory, offers new therapeutic avenues. This review explores how probiotics may stimulate trained immunity, though their mechanisms require further investigation.

Keywords:
human healthimmune responseprobioticstrained immunity

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Microbiology
  • Microbiome

Background:

  • Innate immunity, traditionally viewed as non-specific, exhibits memory characteristics termed 'trained immunity'.
  • Trained immunity represents a significant paradigm shift in understanding immune responses.
  • Stimulating trained immunity is a promising therapeutic strategy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the potential link between probiotics and the stimulation of trained immunity.
  • To investigate the mechanisms by which probiotics might influence trained immunity.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on innate immunity, trained immunity, and probiotics.
  • Analysis of existing research on probiotic mechanisms of action.
  • Synthesis of current knowledge to propose a connection between probiotics and trained immunity.

Main Results:

  • Probiotics are live microorganisms conferring health benefits and are potential modulators of trained immunity.
  • While probiotic benefits are documented, their precise mechanisms for stimulating trained immunity remain unclear.
  • This review highlights the need for further research into probiotic-innate immune interactions.

Conclusions:

  • Probiotics are promising candidates for modulating trained immunity.
  • Understanding probiotic mechanisms is crucial for harnessing their therapeutic potential in trained immunity.
  • Further research is warranted to elucidate the intricate relationship between probiotics and trained immunity.