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Electrocardiogram Fundamentals

Electrocardiogram Fundamentals

Introduction
An electrocardiogram (ECG) is a diagnostic tool for identifying cardiac conditions such as arrhythmias, conduction abnormalities, and myocardial ischemia.
Definition
An electrocardiogram (ECG) visualizes the heart's electrical activity by tracing the electrical movement associated with each heartbeat on a graph or monitor. As the heart beats, an electrical wave passes through it, correlating with the cardiac cycle events.
Parts of an ECG
An ECG utilizes electrodes on the skin...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 16, 2025

Estimating Bilateral Atrial Function by Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Feature Tracking in Patients with Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation

Estimating Bilateral Atrial Function by Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Feature Tracking in Patients with Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation

Published on: July 20, 2022

Electrocardiogram Fiducial Point Detector Using a Bilateral Filter and Symmetrical Point-Filter Structure.

Tae-Wuk Bae¹, Kee-Koo Kwon¹, Kyu-Hyung Kim¹

¹Daegu-Gyeongbuk Research Center, Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute, Daegu 42994, Korea.

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health

|October 23, 2021

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces a new electrocardiogram (ECG) fiducial point (FP) detector using a 1D bilateral filter (1DBF) to accurately identify key points in ECG signals, improving detection despite noise and signal variations.

Keywords:

ECG MIT-BIH database PQRST bilateral filter fiducial points

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Real-Time Cardiac Mapping with a Noninvasive Imageless Electrocardiographic Imaging System

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Published on: April 11, 2025

Area of Science:

Biomedical Engineering
Signal Processing
Cardiology

Background:

Detecting fiducial points (FPs) in electrocardiogram (ECG) signals is challenging due to non-stationary effects and low signal-to-noise ratios.
Noise from measurement environments and heart diseases further complicates accurate FP detection.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop a novel and robust method for detecting fiducial points (FPs) in ECG signals.
To address the challenges posed by noise and signal deformation in ECG analysis.

Main Methods:

A one-dimensional bilateral filter (1DBF) was employed for noise suppression and edge preservation.
The 1DBF was used to predict the background signal, enabling R-peak and QRS-interval detection.
Sequential detection of Q- and S-points and P- and T-wave related FPs was performed based on the R-peak.

Main Results:

The proposed method demonstrated effective noise suppression while preserving important ECG waveform features.
Accurate detection of R-peaks and QRS-intervals was achieved by analyzing the difference between the original and predicted background signals.
Validation on the MIT-BIH and QT databases confirmed the performance of the FP detection method.

Conclusions:

The novel 1DBF-based approach offers a reliable solution for detecting fiducial points in ECG signals.
This method enhances the accuracy of ECG analysis, particularly in the presence of noise and signal irregularities.
The findings contribute to improved diagnostic capabilities through more precise ECG interpretation.