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Related Concept Videos

Phase Changes01:19

Phase Changes

4.6K
Phase transitions play an important theoretical and practical role in the study of heat flow. In melting or fusion, a solid turns into a liquid; the opposite process is freezing. In evaporation, a liquid turns into a gas; the opposite process is condensation.
A substance melts or freezes at a temperature called its melting point and boils or condenses at its boiling point. These temperatures depend on pressure. High pressure favors the denser form of the substance, so typically, high pressure...
4.6K
Phase Transitions02:31

Phase Transitions

20.8K
Whether solid, liquid, or gas, a substance's state depends on the order and arrangement of its particles (atoms, molecules, or ions). Particles in the solid pack closely together, generally in a pattern. The particles vibrate about their fixed positions but do not move or squeeze past their neighbors. In liquids, although the particles are closely spaced, they are randomly arranged. The position of the particles are not fixed—that is, they are free to move past their neighbors to...
20.8K
Phase Diagram01:19

Phase Diagram

6.2K
The phase of a given substance depends on the pressure and temperature. Thus, plots of pressure versus temperature showing the phase in each region provide considerable insights into the thermal properties of substances. Such plots are known as phase diagrams. For instance, in the phase diagram for water (Figure 1), the solid curve boundaries between the phases indicate phase transitions (i.e., temperatures and pressures at which the phases coexist).
6.2K
Phase Transitions: Melting and Freezing02:39

Phase Transitions: Melting and Freezing

13.5K
Heating a crystalline solid increases the average energy of its atoms, molecules, or ions, and the solid gets hotter. At some point, the added energy becomes large enough to partially overcome the forces holding the molecules or ions of the solid in their fixed positions, and the solid begins the process of transitioning to the liquid state or melting. At this point, the temperature of the solid stops rising, despite the continual input of heat, and it remains constant until all of the solid is...
13.5K
Heating and Cooling Curves02:44

Heating and Cooling Curves

24.7K
When a substance—isolated from its environment—is subjected to heat changes, corresponding changes in temperature and phase of the substance is observed; this is graphically represented by heating and cooling curves.
For instance, the addition of heat raises the temperature of a solid; the amount of heat absorbed depends on the heat capacity of the solid (q = mcsolidΔT). According to thermochemistry, the relation between the amount of heat absorbed or released by a substance, q, and its...
24.7K
States of Matter and Phase Changes00:59

States of Matter and Phase Changes

1.4K
The internal energy of a substance—the total kinetic energy of all its molecules and the potential energy of their associated forces—depends on the strength of the intermolecular forces in the condensed phases and the pressure exerted on the substance. The internal energy of a substance is the highest in the gaseous state, the lowest in the solid state, and intermediate in the liquid state. Phase transitions are caused by changes in physical conditions, such as temperature and...
1.4K

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Author Spotlight: Advancements in High-Performance Thermoelectric Thin Films Through Radio Frequency Magnetron Sputtering
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Recent Progress in Multiphase Thermoelectric Materials.

Raphael Fortulan1, Sima Aminorroaya Yamini1,2

  • 1Materials and Engineering Research Institute, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield S1 1 WB, UK.

Materials (Basel, Switzerland)
|October 23, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Multiphase thermoelectric materials offer higher conversion efficiencies for renewable energy. Exploiting secondary phases and mechanisms like energy filtering enhances thermoelectric performance.

Keywords:
compositeenergy filteringmagnetic effectmultiphasephonon scatteringthermoelectric materials

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Renewable Energy
  • Solid State Physics

Background:

  • Thermoelectric materials convert heat to electricity, a promising renewable energy source.
  • Enhancing thermoelectric conversion efficiency is a significant scientific challenge.
  • Multiphase thermoelectric materials show superior performance compared to single-phase compounds.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize recent advancements in multiphase thermoelectric materials.
  • To review mechanisms responsible for enhanced thermoelectric efficiency in multiphase systems.
  • To provide researchers with concepts for designing high-performance thermoelectric materials.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of multiphase thermoelectric materials.
  • Analysis of beneficial effects of secondary phases.
  • Examination of key enhancement mechanisms: energy filtering, modulation doping, phonon scattering, and magnetic effects.

Main Results:

  • Multiphase materials offer greater design flexibility for improved electronic transport.
  • Secondary phases introduce beneficial effects that boost thermoelectric efficiency.
  • Mechanisms like energy filtering and phonon scattering are crucial for performance enhancement.

Conclusions:

  • Multiphase thermoelectric materials are key to achieving higher conversion efficiencies.
  • Understanding secondary phase interactions and specific mechanisms is vital for material design.
  • This review provides a foundational understanding for developing next-generation thermoelectric devices.