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Related Concept Videos

CRISPR/Cas9 Genome Editing01:28

CRISPR/Cas9 Genome Editing

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The CRISPR-Cas system serves as a bacterial defense mechanism against invading genetic elements such as viruses and plasmids, forming the foundation for its adaptation as a powerful genome-editing tool. Originally discovered in prokaryotes, this system has been repurposed to revolutionize genetic engineering across a wide range of organisms, including plants, animals, and humans. The core component, Cas9, is an endonuclease derived from Streptococcus pyogenes, capable of introducing...
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Bacteria and archaea are susceptible to viral infections just like eukaryotes; therefore, they have developed a unique adaptive immune system to protect themselves. Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats and CRISPR-associated proteins (CRISPR-Cas) are present in more than 45% of known bacteria and 90% of known archaea.
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The basic reaction of homologous recombination (HR) involves two chromatids that contain DNA sequences sharing a significant stretch of identity. One of these sequences uses a strand from another as a template to synthesize DNA in an enzyme-catalyzed reaction. The final product is a novel amalgamation of the two substrates. To ensure an accurate recombination of sequences, HR is restricted to the S and G2 phases of the cell cycle. At these stages, the DNA has been replicated already and the...
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CRISPR stands for Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats is a adaptive immune system found in bacteria and archaea that protects against viral infections. This system enables prokaryotic cells to identify, remember, and neutralize foreign genetic elements, primarily bacteriophages, by storing fragments of the invader’s DNA as a genetic memory.The CRISPR immune response begins during an initial infection. Cas (CRISPR-associated) proteins play a central role in this...
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Updated: Oct 15, 2025

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CRISPR/dCas9-Based Systems: Mechanisms and Applications in Plant Sciences.

Chou Khai Soong Karlson1, Siti Nurfadhlina Mohd-Noor2, Nadja Nolte3

  • 1Center for Research in Biotechnology for Agriculture (CEBAR), Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia.

Plants (Basel, Switzerland)
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Summary

CRISPR interference (CRISPRi) and CRISPR-mediated gene activation (CRISPRa) offer powerful tools for gene regulation. This review explores CRISPR/dCas9 technology

Keywords:
CRISPR interferenceCRISPR/dCas9 systemRNAicrop improvementgene silencingtranscriptional regulation

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Biotechnology

Background:

  • RNA-guided genomic transcriptional regulation tools, CRISPR interference (CRISPRi) and CRISPR-mediated gene activation (CRISPRa), are derived from the CRISPR/Cas9 system.
  • These systems utilize a catalytically dead Cas9 (dCas9) fused to a transcriptional effector and a single guide RNA (sgRNA) for targeted DNA binding without cleavage.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the progression of CRISPR/dCas9 technology.
  • To highlight its applications and potential challenges in crop improvement.

Main Methods:

  • The review synthesizes existing research on CRISPR/dCas9 systems.
  • Focuses on transcriptional modulation and genome imaging applications.

Main Results:

  • CRISPR/dCas9 systems enable precise transcriptional interference or activation.
  • Identified challenges include off-target effects, PAM sequence requirements, delivery methods, and regulatory hurdles for genetically modified organisms.

Conclusions:

  • CRISPR/dCas9 technology presents significant potential for crop improvement.
  • Addressing current limitations is crucial for its widespread application in agriculture.