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Early Childhood Development: A Paradigm Shift From Developmental Screening and Surveillance to Parent Intervention
Sharmila Banerjee Mukherjee1, Satinder Aneja2, Suvasini Sharma2
1Department of Pediatrics, Lady Hardinge Medical College, New Delhi Correspondence to: Dr Sharmila B Mukherjee, Department of Pediatrics, Lady Hardinge Medical College, New Delhi. theshormi@gmail.com.
Indian Pediatrics
|October 23, 2021
Summary
Many children in low- and middle-income countries face developmental delays. Nurturing care interventions involving parents show promise for improving early childhood development (ECD) outcomes more effectively than traditional screening methods.
Area of Science:
- Pediatrics
- Developmental Psychology
- Public Health
Background:
- A significant number of children under five in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) do not reach their developmental potential.
- Current methods for identifying developmental delay, such as screening and surveillance, have limitations in LMICs, with few tools meeting established suitability criteria.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate the feasibility of existing developmental screening tools in the Indian context.
- To explore alternative, more effective strategies for enhancing early childhood development (ECD) in LMICs, focusing on parental involvement and the nurturing care framework.
Main Methods:
- Reviewed suitability criteria for developmental screening tools in LMICs.
- Identified two potentially suitable tools for the Indian context: the International guide for monitoring child development and the Monitoring child development in the integrated management of childhood illnesses context.
- Discussed the evidence supporting parent intervention programs and the nurturing care framework.
Main Results:
- Existing universal developmental screening programs are not currently feasible in LMICs.
- Parent intervention programs demonstrate a significant positive impact on early childhood development (ECD) outcomes.
- The nurturing care framework, comprising health, nutrition, responsive caregiving, early learning, and safety, offers a comprehensive approach to enhancing ECD.
Conclusions:
- A paradigm shift towards incorporating nurturing care-based preventive, supportive, and promotive healthcare services with active parental involvement is recommended.
- This approach may offer a more effective, sustainable, and impactful strategy for improving early childhood development (ECD) in resource-limited settings.
- Focusing on nurturing care and parental engagement presents a promising avenue for addressing developmental challenges in young children in LMICs.
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