Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

The Thyroid Gland01:23

The Thyroid Gland

4.8K
The thyroid gland is a small, butterfly-shaped gland located in the neck and covers the anterior surface of the trachea. The gland has two lateral lobes connected by a thin tissue mass called the isthmus. Internally, each lobe comprises many small spherical structures known as thyroid follicles, surrounded by a network of blood vessels.
The follicles have a central cavity lined by simple cuboidal to squamous epithelial cells called follicular cells. These cells produce the glycoprotein...
4.8K
Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones01:20

Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones

5.6K
Low blood levels of the thyroid hormones — triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) — signal the hypothalamus to release the thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH). TRH then reaches the pituitary gland and stimulates the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone(TSH) into the bloodstream.
Upon reaching the thyroid gland, TSH stimulates the follicular cells' active uptake of iodide ions from the blood. The ions diffuse to the apical surface of the cells and are oxidized to iodine. The...
5.6K
Functions of Thyroid Hormones01:18

Functions of Thyroid Hormones

3.5K
The thyroid hormone (TH) plays a pivotal role in the intricate orchestration of physiological processes, exerting profound effects on development, metabolism, and homeostasis throughout different life stages.
TH is indispensable for the normal development and maturation of the skeletal, muscular, and nervous systems during fetal and childhood growth. It facilitates bone mineral turnover and regulates protein synthesis in developing tissues, contributing significantly to overall growth and...
3.5K
The Parathyroid Glands00:59

The Parathyroid Glands

2.9K
The two pairs of parathyroid glands embedded within the posterior surface of the thyroid gland are restricted by a dense capsule around them. These glands comprise two distinct cell populations—parathyroid oxyphil and parathyroid principal cells- pivotal in calcium homeostasis.
Oxyphil cells, whose functions remain elusive, emerge during late puberty, adding a layer of complexity to the parathyroid gland's intricacies. In contrast, principal parathyroid cells undertake a vital role by...
2.9K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Unleashing the Potential of Blood Glucose Monitoring Data With the Ambulatory Glucose Profile Report.

Clinical diabetes : a publication of the American Diabetes Association·2024
Same author

Grading system for medullary thyroid carcinoma; an institutional experience.

Annals of diagnostic pathology·2023
Same author

Update in Endocrinology.

The Medical clinics of North America·2021
Same author

Performing Calcitonin Immunocytochemistry on an Additional ThinPrep Slide in Fine-Needle Aspiration Diagnosis of Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma.

American journal of clinical pathology·2021
Same author

Changes in Population-Level and Institutional-Level Prescribing Habits of Radioiodine Therapy for Papillary Thyroid Cancer.

Thyroid : official journal of the American Thyroid Association·2020
Same author

CONCENTRATED INSULINS: CLINICAL UPDATE OF THERAPEUTIC OPTIONS.

Endocrine practice : official journal of the American College of Endocrinology and the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists·2020
Same journal

Care Transitions Continue to Evolve.

The Medical clinics of North America·2026
Same journal

Navigating the Gaps: A Comprehensive Overview of Care Transitions Across the Continuum.

The Medical clinics of North America·2026
Same journal

Care Transitions and Value-Based Payment Models in the United States.

The Medical clinics of North America·2026
Same journal

Technology and Innovation in Care Transitions: Imagining the Future of Postdischarge Care.

The Medical clinics of North America·2026
Same journal

Primary Care, Specialists, and Hospitals: Bridging the Gaps in Communication and Coordination.

The Medical clinics of North America·2026
Same journal

Social Determinants of Health: Unique Considerations in Transitions of Care.

The Medical clinics of North America·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 15, 2025

A Swin Transformer-Based Model for Thyroid Nodule Detection in Ultrasound Images
04:23

A Swin Transformer-Based Model for Thyroid Nodule Detection in Ultrasound Images

Published on: April 21, 2023

2.0K

Current Evaluation of Thyroid Nodules.

Elizabeth H Holt1

  • 1Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Yale Medical School, PO Box 208020, New Haven, CT 06520-8020, USA.

The Medical Clinics of North America
|October 24, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Managing thyroid nodules involves a systematic approach, starting with patient history and physical exams, followed by lab tests, imaging, and fine needle aspiration (FNA) biopsy. This ensures accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment for thyroid conditions.

Keywords:
CancerFine needle aspiration biopsyMolecular testingNoduleThyroidUltrasound

More Related Videos

Author Spotlight: Integrating Ultrasound Imaging with Biochemical Markers for Thyroid Disease Diagnosis
05:41

Author Spotlight: Integrating Ultrasound Imaging with Biochemical Markers for Thyroid Disease Diagnosis

Published on: February 9, 2024

776
Substernal Thyroid Biopsy Using Endobronchial Ultrasound-guided Transbronchial Needle Aspiration
10:19

Substernal Thyroid Biopsy Using Endobronchial Ultrasound-guided Transbronchial Needle Aspiration

Published on: November 10, 2014

25.8K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Oct 15, 2025

A Swin Transformer-Based Model for Thyroid Nodule Detection in Ultrasound Images
04:23

A Swin Transformer-Based Model for Thyroid Nodule Detection in Ultrasound Images

Published on: April 21, 2023

2.0K
Author Spotlight: Integrating Ultrasound Imaging with Biochemical Markers for Thyroid Disease Diagnosis
05:41

Author Spotlight: Integrating Ultrasound Imaging with Biochemical Markers for Thyroid Disease Diagnosis

Published on: February 9, 2024

776
Substernal Thyroid Biopsy Using Endobronchial Ultrasound-guided Transbronchial Needle Aspiration
10:19

Substernal Thyroid Biopsy Using Endobronchial Ultrasound-guided Transbronchial Needle Aspiration

Published on: November 10, 2014

25.8K

Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Oncology
  • Diagnostic Imaging

Background:

  • Thyroid nodules are frequently encountered in clinical practice.
  • Effective management strategies are crucial for medical specialists.
  • Early detection and accurate diagnosis are key to patient outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To outline a comprehensive workup protocol for thyroid nodules.
  • To detail the role of imaging and fine needle aspiration (FNA) biopsy.
  • To discuss the evaluation of malignancy risk and subsequent management pathways.

Main Methods:

  • Initial assessment includes patient history and physical examination.
  • Laboratory studies and diagnostic imaging are integral to the workup.
  • Fine needle aspiration (FNA) biopsy is guided by specific imaging criteria.

Main Results:

  • Cytopathology provides accurate diagnosis for most nodules.
  • Molecular testing may be required for indeterminate cases.
  • Malignant nodules necessitate further investigation and surgical referral.

Conclusions:

  • A stepwise approach ensures thorough evaluation of thyroid nodules.
  • Benign nodules may require surveillance via periodic ultrasound.
  • Timely intervention based on accurate diagnosis improves patient management.