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A Pair of "ACEs".
E V Hersh1, M Wolff2, P A Moore3
1Department of Oral Surgery and Pharmacology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
Journal of Dental Research
|October 25, 2021
Summary
The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) is crucial in COVID-19. Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) therapies are being explored to combat the virus by targeting its entry mechanism and mitigating harmful effects.
Area of Science:
- Pharmacology
- Virology
- Cardiovascular Science
Background:
- The COVID-19 pandemic has increased interest in drugs targeting the Renin-Angiotensin System (RAS).
- ACE1 inhibitors and Ang II receptor blockers impact hypertension and heart failure by modulating Angiotensin II (Ang II) levels and actions.
- ACE2 plays a protective role by cleaving Ang II into the anti-inflammatory peptide Angiotensin 1-7 (Ang 1-7), counteracting Ang II's detrimental effects.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the pharmacology of small molecule inhibitors of the RAS.
- To discuss novel therapeutic strategies utilizing Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) for COVID-19 treatment and prevention.
- To explore the role of RAS modulation in the context of SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Main Methods:
- Review of existing literature on RAS pharmacology.
- Analysis of the interaction between SARS-CoV-2 and ACE2.
- Discussion of potential therapeutic applications of ACE2 and RAS inhibitors.
Main Results:
- SARS-CoV-2 binds to ACE2, reducing its activity and promoting an imbalance in the RAS, favoring Ang II effects.
- ACE2 is highly expressed in the oral cavity, making saliva and the tongue significant reservoirs for SARS-CoV-2.
- Recombinant ACE2 is a promising therapeutic candidate for COVID-19 prevention and treatment.
Conclusions:
- Targeting the RAS, particularly through ACE2, offers a potential therapeutic avenue for COVID-19.
- Understanding the interaction between SARS-CoV-2 and ACE2 is critical for developing effective treatments.
- Strategies to reduce viral load in the oral cavity may help prevent SARS-CoV-2 transmission.
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