Light-emitting self-assembled metallacages

Coordination-driven self-assembly of metallacages has garnered significant interest because of their 3D layout and cavity-cored nature. The well-defined, highly tunable metallacage structures render them particularly attractive for investigating the properties of luminophores, as well as for inducing novel photophysical characters that enable widespread applications. In this review, we summarize the recent advances in synthetic methodologies for light-emitting metallacages, and highlight some representative applications of these metallacages. In particular, we focus on the favorable photophysical properties-including high luminescence efficiency in various physical states, good modularity in photophysical properties and stimulus responsiveness-that have resulted from incorporating ligands displaying aggregation-induced emission (AIE) into metallacages. These features show that the synergy between carrying out coordination-driven self-assembly and using luminophores with novel photophysical characteristics like AIE could stimulate the development of supramolecular luminophores for applications in fields as diverse as sensing, biomedicine and catalysis.