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Related Concept Videos

Ferromagnetism01:31

Ferromagnetism

2.5K
Materials like iron, nickel, and cobalt consist of magnetic domains, within which the magnetic dipoles are arranged parallel to each other. The magnetic dipoles are rigidly aligned in the same direction within a domain by quantum mechanical coupling among the atoms. This coupling is so strong that even thermal agitation at room temperature cannot break it. The result is that each domain has a net dipole moment. However, some materials have weaker coupling, and are ferromagnetic at lower...
2.5K
Types Of Superconductors01:28

Types Of Superconductors

1.2K
A superconductor is a substance that offers zero resistance to the electric current when it drops below a critical temperature. Zero resistance is not the only interesting phenomenon as materials reach their transition temperatures. A second effect is the exclusion of magnetic fields. This is known as the Meissner effect. A light, permanent magnet placed over a superconducting sample will levitate in a stable position above the superconductor. High-speed trains that levitate on strong...
1.2K
Diamagnetism01:26

Diamagnetism

2.5K
Materials consisting of paired electrons have zero net magnetic moments. However, when these materials are placed under an external magnetic field, the moments opposite to the field are induced. Such materials are called diamagnets. Diamagnetism is the response of the diamagnets when placed in an external magnetic field.
Diamagnetism was discovered by Anton Brugmans in 1778 when he observed that bismuth gets repelled by magnetic fields, thus theorizing that diamagnets get repelled by magnets....
2.5K
Paramagnetism01:30

Paramagnetism

2.6K
Paramagnets are materials with unpaired electrons that possess a finite magnetic moment. In the absence of a magnetic field, these moments are randomly oriented, and thus the net moment is zero. Under an external field, a torque acting on the moments tends to align them along the field's direction. However, the random thermal motion of electrons produces a torque opposite to the external field and tries to disorient the moments. These two competing effects align only a few moments along the...
2.6K
Theory of Metallic Conduction01:17

Theory of Metallic Conduction

1.5K
The conduction of free electrons inside a conductor is best described by quantum mechanics. However, a classical model makes predictions close to the results of quantum mechanics. It is called the theory of metallic conduction.
In this theory, Newton's second law of motion is used to determine the acceleration of an electron in the presence of an applied electric field. Then, its velocity is expressed via this acceleration.
An electron moves through the crystal, containing positive ions,...
1.5K
Phase Diagram01:19

Phase Diagram

6.2K
The phase of a given substance depends on the pressure and temperature. Thus, plots of pressure versus temperature showing the phase in each region provide considerable insights into the thermal properties of substances. Such plots are known as phase diagrams. For instance, in the phase diagram for water (Figure 1), the solid curve boundaries between the phases indicate phase transitions (i.e., temperatures and pressures at which the phases coexist).
6.2K

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 15, 2025

Measuring Magnetically-Tuned Ferroelectric Polarization in Liquid Crystals
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Measuring Magnetically-Tuned Ferroelectric Polarization in Liquid Crystals

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Single-phase multiferroics: new materials, phenomena, and physics.

Chengliang Lu1, Menghao Wu1, Lin Lin2

  • 1School of Physics & Wuhan National High Magnetic Field Center, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China.

National Science Review
|October 25, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This review explores single-phase multiferroics, highlighting new materials, enhanced functionalities, and novel physics beyond magnetoelectric coupling. It covers emerging 2D multiferroics and unique phenomena like topological vortex structures.

Keywords:
2D multiferroicsmagnetoelectric couplingmultiferroicsnon-reciprocitytopological domain structure

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Area of Science:

  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Multiferroics exhibit coexisting ferroic orders with strong coupling, offering unique physical properties.
  • These materials differ significantly from high-temperature superconductors and colossal magnetoresistance manganites.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advancements in single-phase multiferroics.
  • To explore new materials, functionality enhancement strategies, and novel physical phenomena.
  • To discuss emerging 2D multiferroics and unique emergent phenomena.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent progress in multiferroics research.
  • Focus on single-phase multiferroics, including ferrimagnetic and double-layered perovskite structures.
  • Examination of emergent phenomena and multiferroicity engineering.

Main Results:

  • Identification of new single-phase multiferroic materials.
  • Development of roadmaps for enhancing multiferroic functionalities.
  • Observation of phenomena beyond traditional magnetoelectric coupling, including topological vortex domain structures and non-reciprocal responses.

Conclusions:

  • Single-phase multiferroics are a dynamic research area with potential for novel devices and fundamental physics discoveries.
  • Emerging 2D multiferroics and hybrid mechanisms offer new avenues for material design and property control.