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Related Concept Videos

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NMR-active nuclei have energy levels called 'spin states' that are associated with the orientations of their nuclear magnetic moments. In the absence of a magnetic field, the nuclear magnetic moments are randomly oriented, and the spin states are degenerate. When an external magnetic field is applied, the spin states have only 2 + 1 orientations available to them. A proton with = ½ has two available orientations. Similarly, for a quadrupolar nucleus with a nuclear spin value of...
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The human ear is not equally sensitive to all frequencies in the audible range. It may perceive sound waves with the same pressure but different frequencies as having different loudness. Moreover, the perception of sound waves depends on the health of an individual's ears, which decays with age. The health of one's ears may also be affected by regular exposure to loud noises.
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The spin state of an NMR-active nucleus can have a slight effect on its immediate electronic environment. This effect propagates through the intervening bonds and affects the electronic environments of NMR-active nuclei up to three bonds away; occasionally, even farther. This phenomenon is called spin–spin coupling or J-coupling. Coupling interactions are mutual and result in small changes in the absorption frequencies of both nuclei involved. While nuclei of the same element are involved...
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Observation of acoustic spin.

Chengzhi Shi1,2, Rongkuo Zhao1, Yang Long3

  • 1NSF Nano-scale Science and Engineering Center (NSEC), University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.

National Science Review
|October 25, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers experimentally demonstrate acoustic spin, a property previously thought impossible for sound waves. This discovery in acoustic spin angular momentum could revolutionize wave control and particle manipulation in acoustics.

Keywords:
acoustic spinspin-induced torquespin–momentum locking

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Area of Science:

  • Acoustics
  • Wave Physics
  • Metamaterials

Background:

  • Acoustic waves in fluids are typically described as scalar pressure fields, lacking the spin property inherent in optical waves.
  • The concept of spin in acoustic waves has been a theoretical challenge due to their scalar nature.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To experimentally demonstrate the existence of spin in acoustic waves.
  • To investigate the generation and properties of acoustic spin angular momentum.
  • To explore potential applications in controlling wave propagation and particle rotation.

Main Methods:

  • Interference of two acoustic waves propagating perpendicularly.
  • Measurement of acoustic spin angular momentum in free space.
  • Observation of spin in the evanescent field of acoustic metamaterial waveguides.
  • Measurement of spin-induced torque on a lossy acoustic probe.

Main Results:

  • Experimental confirmation of acoustic spin angular momentum through the rotation of local particle velocity.
  • Successful measurement of acoustic spin and associated spin-induced torque.
  • Observation of acoustic spin in evanescent fields guided by metamaterial structures.
  • Discovery of spin-momentum locking, where propagation direction depends on spin sign.

Conclusions:

  • Acoustic spin is experimentally verified, challenging previous assumptions about sound waves.
  • The findings open new avenues for manipulating acoustic wave propagation and inducing particle rotation.
  • Acoustic spin in metamaterial waveguides suggests novel applications in acoustic devices.