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Mesoporous silica nanoparticles prepared by different methods for biomedical applications: Comparative study.

Mohamed M Ashour1, Mostafa Mabrouk2, Islam E Soliman3

  • 1Faculty of Engineering, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Cairo, Egypt.

IET Nanobiotechnology
|October 25, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Different synthesis methods yield mesoporous silica nanoparticles with varying sizes and surface areas, impacting drug release profiles and cell compatibility. Micro-emulsion and hydrothermal methods offer distinct advantages for specific therapeutic applications.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Nanotechnology
  • Biomedical Engineering

Background:

  • Mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) are versatile nanomaterials with tunable properties.
  • Synthesis methods significantly influence MSN characteristics, including size, surface area, and morphology.
  • Understanding these structure-property relationships is crucial for optimizing MSN applications in drug delivery.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize MSNs using sol-gel, micro-emulsion, and hydrothermal methods.
  • To investigate the impact of synthesis techniques on MSN properties (size, surface area, morphology).
  • To evaluate the influence of preparation methods on drug release kinetics and in vitro cytotoxicity.

Main Methods:

  • Mesoporous silica nanoparticles were synthesized via sol-gel (S1), micro-emulsion (S2), and hydrothermal (S3) methods.
  • Characterization included Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), BET surface area analysis, Zetasizer, X-ray Diffraction (XRD), and Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR).
  • Drug release studies utilized doxycycline hyclate as a model drug, and cytotoxicity was assessed against Saos-2 cell lines.

Main Results:

  • Synthesis methods determined MSN morphology and microstructure, yielding particle sizes of 50 nm (S1), 30-20 nm (S2), and 15 nm (S3).
  • Surface areas varied significantly: 111.04 m²/g (S1), 164 m²/g (S2), and 538.72 m²/g (S3).
  • S2 exhibited faster drug release, suitable for short-term high-dose delivery, while S3 showed sustained release for long-term treatment. S1 and S2 demonstrated better cell viability compared to S3.

Conclusions:

  • The choice of synthesis method critically affects MSN properties and performance in drug delivery.
  • Micro-emulsion and hydrothermal methods offer distinct advantages for tailoring drug release profiles.
  • MSN preparation influences biocompatibility, with sol-gel and micro-emulsion methods showing favorable cytotoxicity profiles.