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Related Concept Videos

Reduction of Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation02:13

Reduction of Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation

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Alkenes undergo reduction by the addition of molecular hydrogen to give alkanes. Because the process generally occurs in the presence of a transition-metal catalyst, the reaction is called catalytic hydrogenation.
Metals like palladium, platinum, and nickel are commonly used in their solid forms — fine powder on an inert surface. As these catalysts remain insoluble in the reaction mixture, they are referred to as heterogeneous catalysts.
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Batteries and Fuel Cells03:12

Batteries and Fuel Cells

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A battery is a galvanic cell that is used as a source of electrical power for specific applications. Modern batteries exist in a multitude of forms to accommodate various applications, from tiny button batteries such as those that power wristwatches to the very large batteries used to supply backup energy to municipal power grids. Some batteries are designed for single-use applications and cannot be recharged (primary cells), while others are based on conveniently reversible cell reactions that...
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Hydrogen Bonds00:26

Hydrogen Bonds

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Hydrogen bonds are weak attractions between atoms that have formed other chemical bonds. One of these atoms is electronegative, like oxygen, and has a partial negative charge. The other is a hydrogen atom that has bonded with another electronegative atom and has a partial positive charge.
Hydrogen Bonds Control the World!
Because hydrogen has very weak electronegativity when it binds with a strongly electronegative atom, such as oxygen or nitrogen, electrons in the bond are unequally shared....
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Nuclear Fusion02:45

Nuclear Fusion

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The process of converting very light nuclei into heavier nuclei is also accompanied by the conversion of mass into large amounts of energy, a process called fusion. The principal source of energy in the sun is a net fusion reaction in which four hydrogen nuclei fuse and ultimately produce one helium nucleus and two positrons.
A helium nucleus has a mass that is 0.7% less than that of four hydrogen nuclei; this lost mass is converted into energy during the fusion. This reaction produces about...
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Chemiosmosis01:32

Chemiosmosis

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Oxidative phosphorylation is a highly efficient process that generates large amounts of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the basic unit of energy that drives many cellular processes. Oxidative phosphorylation involves two processes— the electron transport chain and chemiosmosis.
Electron Transport Chain
The electron transport chain involves a series of protein complexes on the inner mitochondrial membrane that undergo a series of redox reactions. At the end of this chain, the electrons...
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Reduction of Alkenes: Asymmetric Catalytic Hydrogenation02:17

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Catalytic hydrogenation of alkenes is a transition-metal catalyzed reduction of the double bond using molecular hydrogen to give alkanes. The mode of hydrogen addition follows syn stereochemistry.
The metal catalyst used can be either heterogeneous or homogeneous. When hydrogenation of an alkene generates a chiral center, a pair of enantiomeric products is expected to form. However, an enantiomeric excess of one of the products can be facilitated using an enantioselective reaction or an...
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Hydrogen Production and Utilization in a Membrane Reactor
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Hydrogen Production and Utilization in a Membrane Reactor

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Hydrogen production technologies - Membrane based separation, storage and challenges.

Shelly Singla1, Nagaraj P Shetti2, Soumen Basu1

  • 1School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Thapar Institute of Engineering & Technology, Patiala, 147004, India.

Journal of Environmental Management
|October 26, 2021
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Hydrogen production, separation, and storage are key to a green energy economy. This review covers clean hydrogen generation, purification, and safe, cost-effective storage solutions.

Keywords:
Cryogenic storageHydrogen generationMetallic membranesPhotoelectrochemicalThermochemical cycles

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Area of Science:

  • Green energy technologies
  • Sustainable fuel development
  • Chemical engineering

Background:

  • Hydrogen is a promising non-carbon energy source, poised to reduce fossil fuel dependence.
  • Renewable and non-renewable hydrogen production methods are gaining significant research and industrial traction.
  • Efficient hydrogen separation and safe storage are critical for its widespread adoption as a clean fuel.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current hydrogen production technologies.
  • To discuss various methods for hydrogen separation and purification.
  • To address the challenges and concerns related to hydrogen storage.

Main Methods:

  • Exploration of diverse hydrogen generation techniques, including solar energy conversion, water electrolysis, and biomass conversion.
  • Analysis of separation methods such as photobiological, photoelectrochemical, electrochemical, photocatalytic, thermochemical, thermolysis, steam gasification, membrane technologies, and pressure swing adsorption.
  • Examination of storage challenges, focusing on safety, cost, and environmental impact.

Main Results:

  • Multiple pathways exist for clean hydrogen generation from renewable and non-renewable sources.
  • Various chemical and physical methods are effective for separating hydrogen from impurities.
  • Safe, compact, and economical hydrogen storage remains a significant challenge.

Conclusions:

  • Advancements in hydrogen production and separation are crucial for a sustainable energy future.
  • Addressing hydrogen storage challenges is vital for its economic viability and widespread use.
  • Comprehensive understanding of production, separation, and storage is necessary for safe and efficient hydrogen fuel implementation.