Leveraging Hafnium-Doped Tungsten Oxide as an Ultrasensitive Electrochemical Tool for the Detection of Ambroxol

The studies reported a novel method for synthesizing hafnium-doped tungsten oxide as a sensing platform for clinically crucial serolytic agent, ambroxol. A carbon matrix decorated with synthesized nanostructures exhibited a synergistic effect, displaying high conductivity and a large surface area, which significantly enhanced the oxidative peak current compared to the bare carbon matrix. The analytical performance was evaluated electrochemically employing techniques such as cyclic voltammetry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and square wave voltammetry. Under a wide linear range, the key highlight was low detection limit of 2.55 nM. The fabricated electrode was highly selective, reproducible, and suitable for long-term usage with good stability. Reasonable recovery rates from pharmaceutical and urine samples showed the accuracy and reliability of the sensor for real-world sample analysis. The proposed work is promising in quantifying ambroxol at trace levels, representing a cost-effective and a direct method for clinical analysis and pharmaceutical quantification.