Current Advancement in Polymer-Based Nanoemulgel Topical Therapies: A Dermatological Perspective

Topical nanoemulgels represent a novel and promising hybrid drug delivery system that integrates the advantages of both nanoemulsions and gels to enhance skin drug delivery. Their unique physicochemical properties, such as high solubilizing capacity for lipophilic drugs, small droplet size, and rheological suitability, make them highly effective for localized dermatological applications. Recent advances in formulation strategies have enabled the incorporation of various synthetic and natural bioactive into nanoemulgel systems, improving their stability, penetration depth, and therapeutic efficacy. Polymers, both natural (e.g., chitosan, alginate, xanthan gum) and synthetic (e.g., Carbopol, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, polyvinyl alcohol), play a critical role as gelling agents, viscosity enhancers, and stabilizers, influencing the release profile, bioadhesion, and mechanical properties of nanoemulgels. This review comprehensively outlines the current progress in the development, characterization, and biomedical application of nanoemulgels for the treatment of skin disorders, including acne, psoriasis, fungal infections, and dermatitis. Emphasis is placed on formulation techniques, excipient roles, permeation enhancement mechanisms, and safety profiles. Furthermore, challenges in scalability and regulatory approval, as well as future directions toward clinical translation, are critically discussed.