[Internal hemorrhoidal disease and non-surgical therapy]

Area of Science:

• Gastroenterology and Colorectal Surgery

Background:

• Hemorrhoids are enlarged vascular structures within the anal canal.
• Symptoms include bleeding and discomfort, often exacerbated by increased intra-abdominal pressure.
• The condition involves a physiological part of the sphincter muscle becoming symptomatic.

Purpose of the Study:

• To outline therapeutic strategies for internal hemorrhoidal disease.
• To discuss the spectrum of treatment options from conservative to surgical.

Main Methods:

• Review of non-surgical and surgical therapeutic modalities.
• Consideration of lifestyle adaptations.
• Evaluation of semi-invasive techniques like coagulation and rubber band ligation.
• Assessment of surgical options including Milligan-Morgan, Ferguson, and Longo procedures.

Main Results:

• Therapy aims to reduce the enlarged hemorrhoidal plexus.
• Lifestyle changes are a foundational treatment component.
• Semi-invasive and surgical methods are effective for symptomatic relief.

Conclusions:

• A range of treatments exist for internal hemorrhoidal disease.
• Treatment choice depends on disease severity.
• Non-surgical and surgical options effectively manage symptoms.