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Updated: Oct 15, 2025

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Masticatory function in elderly compared to young adults.

Verônica Fernandes Ramos1, Anderson Francisco Silva1, Melissa Picinato-Pirola1

  • 1Universidade de Brasília - UnB - Brasília (DF), Brasil.

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|October 27, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Elderly individuals exhibit reduced masticatory efficiency, requiring more time and strokes but achieving a lower score, especially when using dental prostheses. This highlights a decline in masticatory function with age.

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Area of Science:

  • Gerontology
  • Dental Science
  • Biomechanics

Background:

  • Masticatory function is crucial for nutrition and overall health.
  • Aging can lead to changes in oral structures and neuromuscular control, potentially affecting chewing.
  • Understanding age-related differences in mastication is vital for geriatric care.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize the masticatory function in the elderly population.
  • To compare masticatory parameters (time, strokes, score) between elderly and young adults.
  • To investigate the influence of dental prostheses on masticatory performance.

Main Methods:

  • An observational, cross-sectional, and analytical study involving 50 participants (25 elderly, 25 young adults).
  • Masticatory function was assessed via standardized video recording of biscuit mastication.
  • Key metrics included masticatory pattern, score, total time, and number of strokes.

Main Results:

  • Young adults predominantly used alternated bilateral mastication (52%), while the elderly favored simultaneous bilateral mastication (48%).
  • Elderly individuals showed significantly longer masticatory time and more strokes.
  • Despite increased effort, the elderly group achieved a lower total mastication score, influenced by dental prosthesis use.

Conclusions:

  • Dental prosthesis use significantly impacts masticatory function.
  • The elderly demonstrate reduced masticatory efficiency compared to young adults, characterized by longer duration, more strokes, and a lower overall score.
  • These findings underscore the need for interventions to improve chewing efficiency in older adults.