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Risk factors and assessment methods for screening childhood-onset fluency disorders: a scoping review
Mayra Maria Oliveira de Lima1, Heloísa de Oliveira Dos Anjos1, Thaíse Sara Costa Dias2
1Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde e Comunicação Humana, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho - UNESP - Marília (SP), Brasil.
Codas
|July 8, 2026
Summary
This review maps risk factors and screening tools for preschool fluency disorders. While stuttering has identified biological and contextual risk factors, cluttering lacks research, and assessment tools are limited for speech-language pathologists.
Area of Science:
- Speech-language pathology
- Developmental pediatrics
- Communication sciences and disorders
Background:
- Fluency disorders, including stuttering and cluttering, can impact preschool children's communication.
- Early identification and intervention are crucial for managing these disorders.
- A comprehensive understanding of risk factors and screening methods is needed.
Purpose of the Study:
- To systematically review the existing literature on risk factors and assessment methods for screening fluency disorders in preschool children.
- To identify current knowledge gaps in the field.
Main Methods:
- A scoping review was conducted following Joanna Briggs Institute guidelines and PRISMA-ScR checklist.
- Searches were performed in Lilacs, PubMed/Medline, Scopus, and ScienceDirect databases (2020-2025).
- Original full-text articles focusing on risk factors and screening methods for stuttering and cluttering in preschoolers were included.
Main Results:
- Eleven articles were included from 2,091 identified publications.
- Fourteen risk factors for stuttering were identified, encompassing body functions/structures and contextual factors.
- No studies on risk factors for cluttering were found; only two standardized screening tools for stuttering were identified, both developed in Brazil.
Conclusions:
- There is a significant lack of evidence regarding risk factors for cluttering in preschoolers.
- Biological and contextual factors are key predictors for stuttering.
- Current assessment methods for fluency disorders are largely limited to speech-language pathologists, indicating a need for broader, accessible tools.
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