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Published on: March 7, 2019
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A structured physical activity program in an adolescent population with overweight or obesity: a prospective
Elvira Fanelli1, Federico Abate Daga2, Marco Pappaccogli1
1Department of Medical Sciences, Internal Medicine and Hypertension Division, AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.
Summary
Regular physical exercise significantly improves body composition and cardiovascular health in overweight and obese adolescents. These positive effects on metabolic and cardiovascular profiles persist even after a brief period of detraining.
Area of Science:
- Pediatric Endocrinology
- Sports Medicine
- Cardiovascular Health
Background:
- Obesity is a growing global health concern, particularly affecting the adolescent population.
- Sedentary lifestyles contribute to overweight and obesity in young individuals, increasing their risk for cardiovascular issues.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the impact of two distinct exercise regimens (resistance training vs. combined aerobic-resistance training) on the anthropometric and cardiovascular health of sedentary adolescents with overweight and obesity.
- To assess the persistence of these effects following a detraining period.
Main Methods:
- A randomized controlled trial involving 30 sedentary adolescents diagnosed with overweight or obesity.
- Participants underwent baseline (T0) clinical, cardiovascular, and anthropometric-metabolic assessments.
- Subjects were randomized into either a 6-month resistance training group or a combined aerobic-resistance training group, with follow-up assessments at 6 months (T1) and after 3 months of detraining (T2).
Main Results:
- Significant improvements in body composition were observed, including reductions in body mass index and adipose tissue mass (p < 0.01).
- Cardiovascular benefits included a significant reduction in diastolic blood pressure (p = 0.02) and pulse wave velocity (p = 0.04).
- Positive effects on key parameters were maintained even after the 3-month detraining period, suggesting sustained benefits.
Conclusions:
- Regular physical exercise, encompassing both resistance and combined training, confers significant metabolic and cardiovascular advantages in overweight and obese adolescents.
- The observed improvements in cardiovascular risk profile and body composition demonstrate the efficacy of exercise interventions.
- The study highlights the sustained positive impact of physical activity, even after a short cessation, and its role in mitigating early signs of autonomic dysfunction.
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