Fluorine-Retentive Strategies for the Functionalization of gem-Difluoroalkenes
Jacob P Sorrentino1, Ryan A Altman2
1Department of Medicinal Chemistry, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States.
Abstract:
gem-Difluoroalkenes are readily available fluorinated building blocks, and the fluorine-induced electronic perturbations of the alkenes enables a wide array of selective functionalization reactions. However, many reactions of gem-difluoroalkenes result in a net C─F functionalization to generate monofluorovinyl products or addition of F to generate trifluoromethyl-containing products. In contrast, fluorine-retentive strategies for the functionalization of gem-difluoroalkenes remain less generally developed, and is now becoming a rapidly developing area. This review will present the development of fluorine-retentive strategies including electrophilic, nucleophilic, radical, and transition metal catalytic strategies with an emphasis on key physical organic and mechanistic aspects that enable reactivities.
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