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MR Molecular Imaging of Prostate Cancer with a Small Molecular CLT1 Peptide Targeted Contrast Agent

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Contrast-enhanced proton radiographic sensitivity limits for tumor detection.

Rachel B Sidebottom¹, Jason C Allison¹, Ethan F Aulwes¹

¹Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico, United States.

Journal of Medical Imaging (Bellingham, Wash.)

|October 28, 2021

Summary

Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) can enhance proton radiography for cancer treatment guidance. This study shows AuNPs can improve tumor visibility in proton imaging, potentially sparing healthy tissue during proton therapy.

Keywords:

cancer gold nanoparticles proton radiography proton therapy tumor assessment

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Area of Science:

Medical Physics
Nanotechnology
Radiology

Background:

Proton radiography offers anatomical imaging for proton therapy but lacks contrast to distinguish tumors.
Functionalized nanoparticles are needed to enhance contrast in proton radiography.
Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) are biologically compatible, high-Z materials suitable as contrast agents.

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate the efficacy of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) as a contrast agent for proton radiography.
To determine if AuNPs can differentiate tumors from surrounding tissues in proton imaging.
To assess the feasibility of AuNP-enhanced proton radiography for guiding proton therapy.

Main Methods:

Simulated tumors with AuNPs using acrylic and gold phantoms.
Correlated gold thickness to reported tumor AuNP uptake levels.
Acquired proton radiographs using a proton magnifying lens at the LANSCE facility.
Measured transmission changes to observe the effects of gold, modeling human tissue thickness with acrylic.

Main Results:

A 0.005 cm gold strip was visible with a 0.2% areal density change within 1 cm of acrylic.
A 0.0005 cm gold strip was visible behind 20 cm of acrylic.
A 1 cm tumor with 50-nm AuNPs/cell showed a 0.63% areal density change, equivalent to 0.0005 cm gold, visible in 20 cm of tissue.

Conclusions:

AuNP-enhanced proton radiography is a potentially feasible technology for image-guidance in proton therapy.
This technique could reduce off-target radiation effects and spare healthy tissues.
The findings support the development of treatment plans and clinical applications for AuNP-enhanced proton radiography.