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Does myopia decrease the risk of diabetic retinopathy in both type-1 and type-2 diabetes mellitus?

Swapnil Thakur1, Pavan Kumar Verkicharla1, Priyanka Kammari2

  • 1Myopia Research Lab, Prof. Brien Holden Eye Research Centre, Brien Holden Institute of Optometry and Vision Sciences, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.

Indian Journal of Ophthalmology
|October 28, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Hyperopic refractive error increases vision-threatening diabetic retinopathy (VTDR) risk in type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). High myopia is protective against VTDR in type 2 DM, but not type 1 DM.

Keywords:
Diabetes mellitusdiabetic retinopathymyopiamyopia progressiontype-1 DM

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Endocrinology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a leading cause of vision loss in diabetic patients.
  • Refractive errors, including myopia and hyperopia, may influence DR development and severity.
  • Understanding these associations is crucial for managing diabetic eye complications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between myopia severity and diabetic retinopathy (DR) severity.
  • To determine if refractive status impacts the risk of vision-threatening diabetic retinopathy (VTDR) in individuals with type 1 or type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM).

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of electronic medical records from a multicentric eyecare network in India.
  • Classification of individuals with type 1 or type 2 DM based on refractive status.
  • Definition of VTDR as severe nonproliferative DR, proliferative DR, or clinically significant macular edema.

Main Results:

  • Hyperopic refractive error showed a positive association with VTDR and moderate nonproliferative DR in type 2 DM (OR 1.26 and 1.27, respectively).
  • High myopia (< -6 D) was associated with a reduced risk of VTDR in type 2 DM (OR 0.18) after adjusting for confounders.
  • No significant associations were found between myopia (mild, moderate, or high) and DR in type 1 DM.

Conclusions:

  • Hyperopic refractive error is a risk factor for VTDR in type 2 DM.
  • High myopia demonstrates a protective effect against VTDR in type 2 DM.
  • The refractive error-DR relationship differs between type 1 and type 2 diabetes.