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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 15, 2025

Analysis of Chromosome Segregation, Histone Acetylation, and Spindle Morphology in Horse Oocytes
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Morphological study of equine amniotic compartment.

Aliai Lanci1, Laura Ingrà2, Francesco Dondi1

  • 1Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, via Tolara di Sopra 50, 40064, Ozzano Emilia, Bologna, Italy.

Theriogenology
|October 28, 2021
PubMed
Summary

This study describes equine amniotic fluid and membrane cells using microscopy. Findings suggest the amniotic membrane may produce pulmonary surfactant, similar to humans, warranting further research.

Keywords:
Amniotic fluidAmniotic membraneCytologyElectron microscopyLamellar bodiesMares

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Area of Science:

  • Reproductive biology and cytology
  • Equine veterinary medicine
  • Fetal development research

Background:

  • Exfoliative cytology of human amniotic fluid (AF) is well-documented.
  • No prior morphological data exists for equine AF and amniotic membrane (AM) cells.
  • AF composition reflects fetal well-being and development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize equine AF and AM cell morphology using light microscopy (LM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM).
  • To establish baseline data for equine AF cytology.
  • To investigate potential roles of AM, such as pulmonary surfactant production.

Main Methods:

  • Collected AF from 34 mares and AM samples from 7 mares at parturition.
  • Utilized May-Grünwald Giemsa and H-E staining for LM.
  • Employed TEM with specific staining for ultrastructural analysis.

Main Results:

  • Identified squamous cells, cornified cells, polymorphonuclear cells, and amorphous substances in AF.
  • Observed cells potentially from tracheal, amniotic, or urinary epithelium, some with lamellar body-like structures (LBs).
  • Visualized distinct epithelial, basal, and mesenchymal layers in AM, with microvilli on epithelial cells.

Conclusions:

  • This is the first LM and TEM description of equine AF and AM.
  • Equine AM may be a secondary source of pulmonary surfactant, indicated by LBs.
  • Further studies on AF and AM at various gestational ages are needed to understand their roles and diagnostic potential.