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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 15, 2025

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Jet-Induced Blood Release From Human Fingertips: A Single-Blind, Randomized, Crossover Trial.

Jiali Xu1, James W McKeage1, Bryan P Ruddy2

  • 1Auckland Bioengineering Institute, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.

Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology
|October 29, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Jet injection can successfully collect blood from fingertips for glucose measurement, offering a lancet-free alternative. A slot-shaped nozzle maximized blood release, though pain was slightly increased.

Keywords:
capillary blood samplingglucose concentrationjet injectionneedle-free

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Diabetic Care Technology
  • Minimally Invasive Sampling

Background:

  • Lancet use for blood sampling in diabetes management is often poorly tolerated.
  • Jet injection presents a potential lancet-free alternative for blood sampling.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate if jet injection can extract sufficient fingertip blood for glucose measurement.
  • To assess the impact of jet nozzle shape and size on fluid release, blood dilution, and pain.

Main Methods:

  • A randomized, single-blind, crossover study involving 20 healthy volunteers.
  • Comparison of lancet prick with jet injection using three distinct nozzle types.
  • Assessment of fluid volume, blood concentration, glucose levels, pain, and skin reactions.

Main Results:

  • Jet injection successfully yielded enough blood for glucose measurement.
  • A slot-shaped nozzle released the most fluid, with slightly increased pain compared to lancets.
  • Estimated blood glucose levels had a mean absolute percentage error of 25%.

Conclusions:

  • Fingertip jet injection can provide adequate fluid for blood glucose analysis.
  • Optimized nozzle design (slot-shaped, larger area) enhances fluid release.
  • This technology could integrate blood sampling, glucose monitoring, and insulin delivery into one device.