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Related Experiment Videos

Australian National Enterovirus Reference Laboratory annual report, 2020.

Matthew Kaye1, Arnau Garcia-Clapes1, Linda Hobday1

  • 1National Enterovirus Reference Laboratory, Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, Doherty Institute.

Communicable Diseases Intelligence (2018)
|October 29, 2021
PubMed
Summary

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Australia maintained its polio-free status in 2020 through robust surveillance of acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) in children. The nation met World Health Organization (WHO) standards, detecting no polio cases but identifying other enteroviruses.

Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Virology
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Australia maintains polio-free status through the World Health Organization (WHO) recommended surveillance of acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) in children under 15.
  • Surveillance data is collected by the Australian Paediatric Surveillance Unit and the Paediatric Active Enhanced Disease Surveillance System.
  • Faecal specimens are sent to the National Enterovirus Reference Laboratory for virological investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To report on Australia's polio surveillance activities and outcomes in 2020.
  • To assess the sensitivity of the Australian AFP surveillance system against WHO performance criteria.
  • To identify non-polio enteroviruses circulating in children with AFP.

Main Methods:

  • Clinical surveillance of acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) in children under 15 years of age.
Keywords:
acute flaccid paralysisenteroviruseradicationpoliomyelitispoliovirussurveillancevaccination

Related Experiment Videos

  • Virological investigation of faecal specimens from AFP cases.
  • Monitoring of enterovirus and environmental surveillance data.

    • Main Results:

    • No cases of poliomyelitis were reported in Australia in 2020.
    • Australia reported 1.09 non-polio AFP cases per 100,000 children, meeting the WHO performance criterion.
    • Coxsackievirus A10 and Coxsackievirus A16 were identified in clinical specimens from AFP cases.
    • Globally, 140 wild poliovirus cases and 28 circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus outbreaks were reported in 2020.

    Conclusions:

    • Australia's surveillance system is sensitive and effectively monitors polio-free status.
    • Non-polio enteroviruses continue to circulate and are detected through the AFP surveillance system.
    • Continued global vigilance is necessary due to ongoing poliovirus circulation in endemic countries and vaccine-derived outbreaks.