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Updated: Oct 15, 2025

Characterization of the Sense of Agency over the Actions of Neural-machine Interface-operated Prostheses
Published on: January 7, 2019
Sense of agency disturbances in movement disorders: A comprehensive review
S Seghezzi1, L Convertino2, L Zapparoli3
1Psychology Department, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy; Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience (ICN), University College London, London, UK.
Abstract:
Sense of agency refers to the experience that one's self-generated action causes an event in the external environment. Here, we review the behavioural and brain evidence of aberrant experiences of agency in movement disorders, clinical conditions characterized by either a paucity or an excess of movements unrelated to the patient's intention. We show that specific abnormal agency experiences characterize several movement disorders. Those manifestations are typically associated with structural and functional brain abnormalities. However, the evidence is sometimes conflicting, especially when considering results obtained through different agency measures. The present review aims to create order in the existing literature on sense of agency investigations in movement disorders and to provide a coherent overview framed within current neurocognitive models of motor awareness.
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