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Compulsivity and impulsivity in opioid dependence.

S Tolomeo1, F Davey2, J Douglas Steele3

  • 1Department of Psychology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.

Drug and Alcohol Dependence
|October 29, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Opioid dependence impacts compulsivity and impulsivity, with these neurocognitive traits varying by treatment stage. Higher opioid doses correlated with better compulsivity performance, suggesting treatment implications.

Keywords:
AbstinenceBuprenorphineCognitive FlexibilityCompulsivityImpulsivityMethadoneOpioid dependence

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Psychiatry
  • Addiction Medicine

Background:

  • Opioid dependence presents significant health and social challenges.
  • Understanding the neurocognitive effects of opioid treatments like methadone and buprenorphine on compulsivity and impulsivity is crucial for effective treatment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the differential effects of various opioid treatments (methadone, buprenorphine) and abstinence on neurocognitive domains of compulsivity and impulsivity in individuals with opioid dependence.
  • To compare these neurocognitive profiles with healthy controls.

Main Methods:

  • Cross-sectional study with 186 participants: illicit heroin users, methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) users, buprenorphine maintenance treatment (BMT) users, abstinent individuals, and healthy controls (HC).
  • Utilized the Intra-Extra Dimensional Shift (IED) for compulsivity and the Cambridge Gambling Task (CGT) for impulsivity.

Main Results:

  • Heightened compulsivity was observed in heroin, buprenorphine, and abstinent groups.
  • Heroin, methadone, and buprenorphine groups showed impaired feedback-based decision-making, with longer deliberation times and poorer risk adjustment.
  • Higher compulsivity measures were negatively associated with opioid dose, potentially due to sedation.

Conclusions:

  • Compulsivity and impulsivity are core neurocognitive dimensions in opioid dependence, manifesting differently across treatment stages.
  • Improved performance on compulsivity measures was associated with higher morphine equivalent doses.
  • Findings highlight the importance of neurocognitive assessment in opioid dependence treatment and suggest the need for longitudinal research.