Burnout and depression in nurses: A systematic review and meta-analysis
1School of Nursing, University at Buffalo - The State University of New York, 3435 Main St. Wende Hall, Buffalo, NY 14214-8013, United States of America.
International Journal of Nursing Studies
|October 29, 2021
Summary
Nurses experience significant burnout and depression. This meta-analysis confirms a strong correlation between burnout and depression in nursing, highlighting the need for distinct management strategies.
Area of Science:
- Occupational Health
- Psychiatry
- Nursing Research
Background:
- Nurses face high-stress environments, leading to frequent depression and burnout.
- Previous research has yielded inconclusive findings on the discriminant validity between burnout and depression measures.
- This ambiguity can hinder accurate clinical recognition and management of depression distinct from burnout.
Purpose of the Study:
- To determine the distinctiveness of burnout as a construct.
- To quantify the relationship between burnout and depression in nurses.
- To identify potential moderators influencing this relationship.
Main Methods:
- Systematic literature search across four major databases (PubMed, CINAHL, PsycINFO, EMBASE).
- Inclusion of English-language studies examining burnout and depression in nurses.
- Meta-analysis of reported effect sizes to determine the pooled correlation.
Main Results:
- A total of 37 studies were included in the analysis.
- A significant positive association was found between burnout and depression in nurses (r=0.403).
- The Emotional Exhaustion subscale of the Maslach Burnout Inventory showed a stronger correlation (r=0.494).
Conclusions:
- This review confirms a substantial correlation between burnout and depression in nursing populations.
- Findings underscore the overlap but also the need to consider them as related yet distinct issues.
- Future research should explore causal pathways and moderating factors.
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